Nokea
What is the primary function of protein in the diet?
- A. supply energy.
- B. synthesize vitamins.
- C. build and repair tissue.
- D. store glycogen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary function of protein in the diet is to build and repair tissues. Proteins are essential for the growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues like muscles, skin, and organs. While proteins can be a source of energy, their primary role is not to supply energy, making choice A incorrect. Choice B is also incorrect as proteins do not synthesize vitamins; rather, they are essential nutrients themselves. Choice D is inaccurate because glycogen is a form of stored glucose in the body, not a function of protein.
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The sum of all chemical processes inside living cells of the body that sustain life and health is known as:
- A. physiology
- B. digestion
- C. metabolism
- D. nutrition
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metabolism is the correct answer as it refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur within living cells to maintain life and health. Physiology (Choice A) is the study of how living organisms function but does not specifically refer to cellular chemical processes. Digestion (Choice B) is the process of breaking down food in the body, not the overall cellular processes. Nutrition (Choice D) is the process of obtaining and consuming food necessary for health and growth, but it does not encompass all cellular processes related to sustaining life and health.
What is necessary for photosynthesis to occur along with carbon dioxide and water?
- A. Glucose.
- B. Nitrogen.
- C. Chlorophyll.
- D. Hydrogen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is a pigment that is essential for photosynthesis as it absorbs light energy, allowing plants to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a process crucial for plant growth. Glucose (choice A) is produced during photosynthesis and is not an ingredient necessary for the process itself. Nitrogen (choice B) is important for plant growth but is not a direct ingredient for photosynthesis. Hydrogen (choice D) is found in water, which is indeed one of the necessary ingredients for photosynthesis, but chlorophyll is specifically required to capture light energy for the process to occur.
Which of the following types of fiber is not a carbohydrate?
- A. gums
- B. lignin
- C. pectin
- D. cellulose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lignin is the correct answer because it is a type of fiber that is not a carbohydrate and provides structure to plant cell walls. Gums (choice A), pectin (choice C), and cellulose (choice D) are all types of dietary fiber that are carbohydrates. Gums are a type of soluble fiber, pectin is found in fruits and is a soluble fiber, and cellulose is a type of insoluble fiber found in plant cell walls.
The sugar to which all other sugars are converted during human metabolism is:
- A. sucrose
- B. fructose
- C. glucose
- D. maltose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glucose is the primary sugar used by the body for energy and is converted from other sugars during metabolism. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, not the end product of sugar metabolism. Fructose is a simple sugar found in fruits but needs to be converted to glucose for cellular energy. Maltose is a disaccharide composed of two glucose units and is not the final product of sugar metabolism in humans.
What is one function of essential fatty acids?
- A. improve skin integrity.
- B. control lipid digestion.
- C. reduce blood clotting time.
- D. form chylomicrons.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Essential fatty acids play a crucial role in improving skin integrity by supporting the structure and function of cell membranes. This helps in maintaining healthy skin and promoting overall well-being. The other choices are incorrect because essential fatty acids do not directly control lipid digestion, reduce blood clotting time, or form chylomicrons.