Anatomy HESI A2 Practice Test

Anatomy HESI A2 Practice Test Related

Review Anatomy HESI A2 Practice Test related questions and content

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

  • A. Removing carbon dioxide from the blood
  • B. Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • C. Transporting oxygen to the bloodstream
  • D. Filtering blood
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the alveoli in the lungs is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for this gas exchange during breathing. Oxygen diffuses from the inhaled air into the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled out of the body. Choice A is incorrect because the alveoli primarily facilitate the exchange of gases, not just the removal of carbon dioxide. Choice C is incorrect as the alveoli do not transport oxygen to the bloodstream but rather facilitate the exchange of gases. Choice D is incorrect as the alveoli are not involved in filtering blood but in gas exchange to ensure proper oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide in the respiratory process.

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What is the role of the liver in detoxification?

  • A. To secrete bile
  • B. To store glucose
  • C. To convert toxins into less harmful substances
  • D. To produce insulin
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The liver's primary function in detoxification is to convert harmful toxins into less harmful substances. This process helps in safeguarding the body from the adverse effects of toxins and is essential for maintaining overall health. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because secreting bile, storing glucose, and producing insulin are functions of the liver unrelated to detoxification.

What is the name of the structure that prevents food from entering the airway?

  • A. trachea
  • B. esophagus
  • C. diaphragm
  • D. epiglottis
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The epiglottis is the structure that prevents food from entering the airway. It acts as a lid over the trachea during swallowing, directing food to the esophagus instead of the windpipe (trachea). The trachea (Choice A) is the windpipe that allows air to pass into the lungs, the esophagus (Choice B) is the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach, and the diaphragm (Choice C) is a muscle involved in breathing and not in preventing food passage.

Which vitamin is essential for bone health?

  • A. Vitamin A
  • B. Vitamin D
  • C. Vitamin C
  • D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin D is the correct answer. It is essential for bone health as it helps in the absorption of calcium, a crucial mineral for maintaining strong and healthy bones. Adequate levels of Vitamin D are necessary to prevent conditions like osteoporosis and ensure optimal bone development and strength.

Choice A, Vitamin A, is important for vision and immune function, but it is not directly related to bone health. Choice C, Vitamin C, is essential for collagen synthesis and immune function, but it is not primarily responsible for bone health. Choice D, Vitamin K, plays a role in blood clotting and bone metabolism, but Vitamin D has a more direct impact on bone health through its role in calcium absorption.

What is the primary role of the liver in the body?

  • A. Producing insulin
  • B. Detoxifying harmful substances
  • C. Digesting food
  • D. Storing energy
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Detoxifying harmful substances. While the liver does produce bile for digestion and stores nutrients like glycogen, its primary function is to filter and detoxify blood coming from the digestive tract before passing it to the rest of the body. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Producing insulin is mainly done by the pancreas, digesting food is primarily the role of the stomach and intestines, and storing energy is a function of various organs like muscles and fat cells.

What is the role of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

  • A. To filter blood and remove old red blood cells
  • B. To produce lymphocytes
  • C. To store vitamins
  • D. To regulate body temperature
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The spleen plays a crucial role in the lymphatic system by filtering blood, specifically removing old or damaged red blood cells. Additionally, the spleen produces lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the immune response by helping to fight off infections. Therefore, the correct answer is A, as the spleen is primarily involved in blood filtration and the production of lymphocytes rather than storing vitamins or regulating body temperature.

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