Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Related

Review Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology related questions and content

What is the primary function of the digestive system?

  • A. To transport oxygen
  • B. To break down food and absorb nutrients
  • C. To produce hormones
  • D. To transport blood
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the digestive system is to break down food into smaller molecules and absorb nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. These nutrients are then utilized by the body for energy, growth, and repair. The digestive system plays a crucial role in the process of extracting essential components from food and distributing them to the body's cells through the bloodstream. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because transporting oxygen, producing hormones, and transporting blood are functions associated with other body systems like the respiratory system, endocrine system, and circulatory system, respectively, not the digestive system.

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Which of the following is not a component of the central nervous system?

  • A. Brain
  • B. Heart
  • C. Retina
  • D. Spinal cord
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The central nervous system comprises the brain and spinal cord, responsible for processing and transmitting information. The retina, though part of the eye, is an extension of the central nervous system. However, the heart is part of the circulatory system, responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Therefore, the correct answer is the heart as it is not a component of the central nervous system.

Which organ is involved in the immune system?

  • A. Heart
  • B. Bronchi
  • C. Appendix
  • D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is the Appendix. The appendix is now known to play a role in the immune system by housing beneficial bacteria that aid in maintaining gut health and supporting immune responses. This organ contributes to overall immune function. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as the heart, bronchi, and esophagus are not primarily associated with the immune system.

Which vitamin is important for the absorption of iron?

  • A. Vitamin C
  • B. Vitamin D
  • C. Vitamin K
  • D. Vitamin B12
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C is essential for the absorption of iron, especially from plant-based sources. It aids in converting non-heme iron (found in plants) into a form that is easier for the body to absorb. This is crucial in preventing iron-deficiency anemia, making Vitamin C a key nutrient for overall health. Vitamin D (choice B) is important for calcium absorption and bone health, not iron absorption. Vitamin K (choice C) plays a role in blood clotting and bone metabolism, not iron absorption. Vitamin B12 (choice D) is important for red blood cell formation and neurological function but is not directly involved in iron absorption.

Nerve tissue is composed of neurons and connective tissue cells that are referred to as which of the following?

  • A. Osteoblasts
  • B. Neuroglia
  • C. Osteocytes
  • D. Arterioles
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Neuroglia are specialized connective tissue cells that provide support and protection to neurons in the nervous system. They assist in the proper functioning of neurons and are essential for maintaining the overall health of nerve tissue. Therefore, in the context of nerve tissue composition, neuroglia are the connective tissue cells associated with neurons. The other choices, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and arterioles, are not the correct types of connective tissue cells found in nerve tissue. Osteoblasts are involved in bone formation, osteocytes are mature bone cells, and arterioles are small blood vessels that supply blood to tissues.

What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?

  • A. To produce bile
  • B. To store and concentrate bile
  • C. To break down fats
  • D. To secrete digestive enzymes
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The gallbladder's primary function in digestion is to store and concentrate bile produced by the liver. Bile is essential for the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. While the gallbladder does not produce bile (Choice A) or secrete digestive enzymes (Choice D), it plays a crucial role in storing and releasing bile when needed. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

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