Nokea
What is the primary function of the mucous membrane lining the muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach?
- A. Secretion of digestive enzymes
- B. Absorption of nutrients
- C. Lubrication and protection
- D. Storage of bile
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary function of the mucous membrane lining the muscular tube connecting the mouth to the stomach is to provide lubrication and protection. This mucous membrane serves to protect the esophageal lining from damage caused by the passage of food and liquids. It also aids in facilitating the smooth passage of food from the mouth to the stomach by lubricating it, ensuring easier movement. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as the mucous membrane does not secrete digestive enzymes, absorb nutrients, or store bile. Its main role is primarily related to lubricating and protecting the lining of the tube.
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Who is credited with the discovery of nuclear fission?
- A. Marie Curie
- B. Albert Einstein
- C. Enrico Fermi
- D. Ernest Rutherford
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Enrico Fermi is credited with the discovery of nuclear fission. In 1934, Fermi bombarded uranium with neutrons, leading to the splitting of the uranium nucleus and the release of energy. This groundbreaking discovery laid the foundation for the development of nuclear power and weapons. Marie Curie is known for her pioneering research on radioactivity, but she did not discover nuclear fission. Albert Einstein made significant contributions to physics, including the theory of relativity, but he was not credited with the discovery of nuclear fission. Ernest Rutherford conducted the famous gold foil experiment and made contributions to the understanding of the atom's structure, but he did not discover nuclear fission.
Where in the cell are proteins modified, sorted, and packaged for transport?
- A. Ribosomes
- B. Golgi apparatus
- C. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- D. Lysosomes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus is the cellular organelle responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for transport within the cell or for secretion outside the cell. Ribosomes are not involved in modifying, sorting, or packaging proteins; they are responsible for protein synthesis. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is primarily involved in protein synthesis and folding, rather than modification and packaging for transport. Lysosomes function in breaking down cellular waste rather than modifying, sorting, or packaging proteins for transport.
Which structure contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell?
- A. Cytoplasm
- B. Nucleus
- C. Cell wall (only present in plant cells)
- D. Golgi apparatus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nucleus is the organelle that contains the genetic material (DNA) of the cell. It acts as the control center of the cell, regulating gene expression and coordinating cellular activities. The cytoplasm is the fluid-filled space within the cell where organelles are suspended, but it does not contain the genetic material. The cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells that provides support and protection, but it does not house the DNA. The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins for secretion, but it does not contain the genetic material of the cell.
What information can be obtained directly from the element's atomic number?
- A. Its atomic mass
- B. Its position on the periodic table
- C. Its number of neutrons
- D. Its chemical properties
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The atomic number of an element represents the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This number determines the element's unique identity and its position on the periodic table. The atomic mass (option A) is not directly determined by the atomic number but is a weighted average of the isotopes of an element. The number of neutrons (option C) is not directly provided by the atomic number but can be calculated by subtracting the atomic number from the atomic mass. The position on the periodic table (option B) is directly related to the atomic number, as elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number. The chemical properties of an element (option D) are influenced by the number of protons in the nucleus, which is determined by the atomic number.
Which element has the highest melting point of any element?
- A. Tungsten
- B. Iron
- C. Platinum
- D. Carbon
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Among the choices provided, carbon, in the form of diamond, has the highest melting point of any element. Diamond's strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms make it incredibly resistant to heat and pressure, giving it the highest melting point compared to tungsten, iron, and platinum. Tungsten is known for its high melting point among metals but not as high as carbon. Iron and platinum have lower melting points compared to carbon, making them incorrect choices in this context.