Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology

Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Related

Review Quizlet HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology related questions and content

What is the primary function of the nervous system?

  • A. To transmit signals and coordinate body activities
  • B. To fight infections
  • C. To produce hormones
  • D. To regulate body temperature
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the nervous system is to transmit signals and coordinate body activities. It controls and regulates body functions by sending and receiving signals between different parts of the body, enabling responses to internal and external stimuli. This intricate network allows for communication between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, ultimately facilitating movement, sensation, thoughts, and various bodily functions. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary function of the nervous system. Fighting infections is primarily the role of the immune system, producing hormones is the function of the endocrine system, and regulating body temperature involves mechanisms of thermoregulation within the body, not directly controlled by the nervous system.

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What is the function of the small intestine?

  • A. To store bile
  • B. To absorb nutrients
  • C. To digest food
  • D. To produce enzymes
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It is responsible for absorbing nutrients from the digested food into the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body. Therefore, the correct function of the small intestine is to absorb nutrients. Choice A is incorrect because the gallbladder stores bile, not the small intestine. Choice C is incorrect because the digestion process primarily occurs in the stomach and small intestine. Choice D is incorrect because while the small intestine does play a role in enzyme production, its primary function is nutrient absorption.

Which of the following is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract?

  • A. Pharynx
  • B. Larynx
  • C. Trachea
  • D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The pharynx is a structure found in the upper respiratory tract. It serves as a common pathway for both air and food, playing a crucial role in directing air to the trachea and food to the esophagus. The larynx, trachea, and esophagus are important structures in the respiratory and digestive systems, but the pharynx specifically belongs to the upper respiratory tract, making it the correct answer.

What is the function of platelets in the blood?

  • A. Transporting oxygen
  • B. Clotting blood
  • C. Fighting infection
  • D. Transporting nutrients
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are responsible for clotting blood. When there is an injury, platelets help form blood clots to prevent excessive bleeding. This function is crucial in maintaining hemostasis and preventing hemorrhage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Platelets do not transport oxygen, fight infection, or transport nutrients in the blood.

Which vitamin is necessary for the absorption of calcium?

  • A. Vitamin C
  • B. Vitamin D
  • C. Vitamin A
  • D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Vitamin D is the correct answer. It is essential for the absorption of calcium in the intestines, facilitating the maintenance of strong bones and teeth. Vitamin D helps regulate calcium levels in the blood and promotes bone mineralization, making it crucial for overall bone health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Vitamin C is not directly involved in calcium absorption, Vitamin A is more related to vision and immune function, and Vitamin K plays a role in blood clotting and bone mineralization but is not primarily responsible for calcium absorption.

Which organ in the digestive system absorbs nutrients?

  • A. Stomach
  • B. Small intestine
  • C. Large intestine
  • D. Esophagus
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The small intestine is the primary site for nutrient absorption in the digestive system. It plays a crucial role in absorbing digested food into the bloodstream, where the nutrients are then circulated to the body's cells for energy and other functions. The stomach primarily breaks down food through the action of acids and enzymes, while the large intestine absorbs water and salts, not nutrients. The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects the mouth to the stomach and does not participate in nutrient absorption.

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