HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023

HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023 Related

Review HESI A2 Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test 2023 related questions and content

What is the primary function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

  • A. To secrete digestive enzymes
  • B. To absorb nutrients
  • C. To break down food
  • D. To absorb water
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To absorb nutrients. The small intestine's main role in the digestive system is to absorb nutrients from digested food. It has specialized structures, such as villi and microvilli, that increase its surface area for efficient absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Choice A is incorrect because the small intestine does not primarily secrete digestive enzymes; that role is mainly carried out by the pancreas and other digestive organs. Choice C is incorrect because the small intestine primarily absorbs nutrients rather than breaking down food. Choice D is incorrect because the absorption of water primarily occurs in the large intestine, not the small intestine.

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What is the primary function of the adrenal glands?

  • A. To produce insulin
  • B. To regulate metabolism and stress response
  • C. To fight infections
  • D. To regulate blood pressure
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the adrenal glands is to regulate metabolism and the body's stress response. The adrenal glands produce hormones like cortisol and adrenaline that play a vital role in managing metabolism, immune response, and stress levels. Choice A is incorrect because insulin is produced by the pancreas, not the adrenal glands. Choice C is incorrect because fighting infections is primarily the role of the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as the regulation of blood pressure involves organs like the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels, not the adrenal glands.

Which vitamin is essential for the synthesis of collagen?

  • A. Vitamin C
  • B. Vitamin D
  • C. Vitamin B12
  • D. Vitamin K
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin C. Vitamin C is essential for the synthesis of collagen, a protein crucial for maintaining the structure and integrity of skin, blood vessels, and bones. It plays a key role in the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in collagen synthesis, which is necessary for the stability and strength of collagen fibers.

Choice B: Vitamin D is essential for bone health and calcium absorption but is not directly involved in collagen synthesis.

Choice C: Vitamin B12 is important for red blood cell formation and neurological function but is not directly related to collagen synthesis.

Choice D: Vitamin K is necessary for blood clotting and bone metabolism but does not play a direct role in collagen synthesis.

What is the primary role of the large intestine?

  • A. To absorb nutrients
  • B. To absorb water
  • C. To break down food
  • D. To secrete digestive enzymes
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: To absorb water. The primary role of the large intestine is to absorb water from indigestible food matter. This absorption process helps in forming solid waste for excretion. Nutrient absorption primarily occurs in the small intestine, not the large intestine. Breaking down food and secreting digestive enzymes are functions primarily associated with the stomach and small intestine.

What is the function of the liver in digestion?

  • A. To produce bile
  • B. To store glucose
  • C. To secrete digestive enzymes
  • D. To detoxify harmful substances
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The liver's main role in digestion is to produce bile, a substance that aids in the breakdown and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Bile emulsifies fats, helping enzymes break them down into smaller molecules for easier absorption in the digestive tract. Therefore, the correct answer is A: 'To produce bile.' Storing glucose, secreting digestive enzymes, and detoxifying harmful substances are functions of the liver, but they are not primarily related to digestion.

Which bone does not articulate with any other bone in the body?

  • A. Scapula
  • B. Hyoid
  • C. Radius
  • D. Femur
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyoid. The hyoid bone is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bones. It is located in the neck and supports the tongue and other muscles involved in swallowing and speech. The scapula articulates with the clavicle and humerus, the radius with the ulna and humerus, and the femur with the pelvis and tibia. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they all articulate with other bones in the body.

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