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What is the primary goal of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy?
- A. To reduce the incidence of childhood diseases
- B. To improve the nutritional status of children
- C. To reduce child mortality and morbidity
- D. To promote exclusive breastfeeding
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary goal of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) strategy is to reduce child mortality and morbidity. This strategy focuses on providing holistic care to children, including early detection and treatment of common childhood illnesses. By improving healthcare access and quality, IMCI aims to decrease the number of children dying from preventable diseases.
Explanation:
A: Reducing the incidence of childhood diseases is important but not the primary goal of IMCI. The strategy is more focused on reducing mortality and morbidity.
B: Improving nutritional status is essential for child health but is not the primary goal of IMCI.
D: Promoting exclusive breastfeeding is a key component of child health but is not the primary goal of IMCI.
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Which of the following is a common sign of dehydration in infants?
- A. Frequent urination
- B. Sunken fontanelle
- C. Excessive drooling
- D. Increased appetite
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sunken fontanelle. Dehydration in infants can cause the fontanelle, the soft spot on the baby's head, to appear sunken. This is due to decreased fluid levels in the body. Sunken fontanelle is a common and easily identifiable sign of dehydration in infants. The other choices are incorrect because frequent urination is not typically associated with dehydration in infants, excessive drooling can be a normal part of teething, and increased appetite is not a specific sign of dehydration in infants.
When is the recommended time for introducing solid foods into an infant's diet?
- A. 3 months
- B. 6 months
- C. 9 months
- D. 12 months
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 6 months. At this age, infants' digestive systems are more developed and ready for solid foods. Introducing solids too early (A) can lead to allergies and digestion issues. Waiting until 9 months (C) or 12 months (D) can delay important nutrients and increase the risk of iron deficiency. In summary, introducing solids at 6 months strikes the right balance between developmental readiness and nutritional needs for infants.
What is the best type of milk for infants below 6 months of age?
- A. Cow's milk
- B. Goat's milk
- C. Breast milk
- D. Soy milk
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Breast milk. Breast milk is the best type of milk for infants below 6 months of age because it provides the ideal nutrition and antibodies necessary for their growth and development. It contains the perfect balance of nutrients, is easily digestible, and helps protect infants from infections and diseases.
Choice A: Cow's milk is not recommended for infants below 6 months as it is difficult for them to digest and lacks essential nutrients like iron and vitamin E.
Choice B: Goat's milk is also not recommended for infants below 6 months as it lacks certain nutrients and may cause allergic reactions.
Choice D: Soy milk is not suitable as a primary source of nutrition for infants below 6 months as it may not provide all the necessary nutrients and can lead to digestive issues.
In summary, breast milk is the best choice for infants below 6 months due to its unique composition and numerous benefits compared to other types of milk.
What is the primary goal of health education?
- A. To diagnose diseases
- B. To change behavior for improved health
- C. To provide emergency medical care
- D. To perform surgeries
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal of health education is to change behavior for improved health. This involves educating individuals on healthy lifestyle choices, preventive measures, and disease management strategies. By empowering individuals with knowledge and skills, health education aims to promote better health outcomes. Diagnosing diseases (choice A) and providing emergency medical care (choice C) are responsibilities of healthcare professionals, not the primary goal of health education. Performing surgeries (choice D) is a medical intervention and not within the scope of health education's primary goal.
What is the purpose of administering Vitamin K to newborns?
- A. To prevent jaundice
- B. To boost the immune system
- C. To prevent bleeding disorders
- D. To enhance bone development
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: To prevent bleeding disorders. Newborns have low levels of Vitamin K, which is essential for blood clotting. Administering Vitamin K at birth helps prevent a rare but serious condition called Vitamin K deficiency bleeding. Choice A is incorrect because Vitamin K does not prevent jaundice. Choice B is incorrect as Vitamin K does not boost the immune system. Choice D is incorrect as Vitamin K does not enhance bone development. Administering Vitamin K to newborns is crucial for preventing bleeding issues.