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What is the primary reason the nurse needs to ascertain client use of vitamins and minerals and the dosage of each?
- A. Intake of vitamins and minerals through diet is more beneficial.
- B. Vitamin and minerals should be used as a complementary therapy.
- C. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) may vary with special populations.
- D. Vitamins and minerals are purchased over-the-counter (OTC)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Special populations (such as pregnant women, elderly, and people with certain medical problems) may have different RDA requirements and levels for toxicity. It is true that vitamins and minerals obtained through diet are more beneficial, that they should be used as a complementary therapy, and that they are purchased OTC, but none are the primary reason for accurate information collection.
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Although 25% of prescription drugs are derived from plants, interest in self-treatment using herbs has been on the rise. Which of the following is the reason for this?
- A. Prescribed drugs are subjected to federal regulations.
- B. Herbs are easily available.
- C. There are differences in molecular structure between the source plant and the synthesized drug.
- D. Using only parts of a plant may not have the same effects as using the whole plant.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Herbalists argue that consuming the whole plant has different effects. Prescribed drugs contain only one or two extracts or synthetic substances that match the molecular structure of the source plant. Therefore, in many cases, the molecular structure may be the same. Regulations are relevant to producers of drugs or herbal products, not the users.
Which type of therapy is speculated to affect the ion exchange of electrolytes, such as calcium, sodium, and potassium?
- A. Electromagnetic therapy
- B. Shiatsu
- C. Hypnosis
- D. Yoga
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Electromagnetic therapy is speculated to influence ion exchange of electrolytes, such as calcium, sodium, and potassium. Shiatsu uses acupoints, and yoga uses exercises for therapy. Hypnosis is not known to affect ions in the body.
The client is presently taking a multivitamin and is considering adding a supplement with extra vitamin A to promote eye health. Which is the best response by the nurse?
- A. Why do you feel the need to take vitamins?
- B. Let's review the vitamin containers together.
- C. Some vitamins can have toxic effects.
- D. Are you experiencing problems with your sight?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Reviewing the vitamin containers will provide the nurse and client with information on the dosages and whether they fall within the RDA. This can also provide an opportunity for further teaching. Asking the client why they feel the need to take vitamins is not the best response because it can imply that the client has made a wrong decision to take vitamins. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 was passed to 'preserve the consumer's right to choose dietary supplements.' Some vitamins do have toxic effects, including Vitamin A, which is why the best response is for the nurse to review the bottles with the client. Then the nurse can see if the dosage is appropriate or not. Although Vitamin A is associated with improved vision, asking if the client is experiencing vision problems is not the best response.
What is the best response by the nurse when explaining biofeedback to a client?
- A. It is a spiritual practice that combines exercise with mental focus.
- B. It is beneficial in expressing feelings.
- C. It allows a reduction of symptoms through voluntary control measures.
- D. It requires the use of machines in a controlled environment. EGFR: p. 94, Biofeedback NAT: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity: Basic Care and Comfort KEY: Integrated Process: Nursing Process BLM: Cognitive Level: Apply
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Biofeedback is a technique in which an individual voluntarily controls physiologic function. Yoga is the spiritual practice that combines exercise with mental focus. Music and art are ways to express feelings. Initially, biofeedback uses a machine but eventually the client can alter physiologic response at will.
A client is taking ginkgo to improve memory. In the teaching plan regarding this herb, the nurse should include which of the following?
- A. It may raise blood pressure.
- B. Avoid this herb if allergic to plants.
- C. There is a possible sensitivity to light.
- D. Use caution if taking aspirin.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Clients should be advised to use caution if taking aspirin in conjunction with gingko. Ginseng may raise blood pressure. Clients allergic to plants in the daisy family should avoid echinacea. Taking St. John's wort may cause sensitivity to light.