Nokea
What is the primary symptom of a urinary tract infection in young children?
- A. Frequent urination
- B. Abdominal pain
- C. Vomiting
- D. Fever
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Fever. In young children, fever is a common primary symptom of a urinary tract infection, often accompanied by irritability and discomfort. Frequent urination (Choice A) is a symptom more commonly seen in adults with UTIs. While abdominal pain (Choice B) and vomiting (Choice C) can be present, they are not as primary as fever in young children with UTIs.
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What is a common sign of iron-deficiency anemia in children?
- A. Yellowing of the skin
- B. Pallor and fatigue
- C. Rapid weight gain
- D. Increased appetite
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pallor and fatigue are common signs of iron-deficiency anemia in children. Iron-deficiency anemia is characterized by a decreased production of red blood cells, leading to a paler appearance (pallor) and increased fatigue due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Yellowing of the skin (choice A) is more commonly associated with liver or bile duct issues. Rapid weight gain (choice C) and increased appetite (choice D) are not typical signs of iron-deficiency anemia.
What dietary recommendation is essential for a child with phenylketonuria (PKU)?
- A. High-protein diet
- B. Low-fat diet
- C. Low-phenylalanine diet
- D. High-fiber diet
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Low-phenylalanine diet.' Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) need to follow a low-phenylalanine diet to manage the condition. Phenylalanine is an amino acid found in protein-containing foods, and individuals with PKU have difficulty metabolizing it, leading to neurological damage and other complications. Therefore, restricting phenylalanine intake is crucial. Choice A, 'High-protein diet,' is incorrect because high protein intake would increase phenylalanine levels, worsening the condition. Choice B, 'Low-fat diet,' and Choice D, 'High-fiber diet,' are not the primary focus for PKU patients. The key dietary intervention for PKU is controlling phenylalanine intake, which is best achieved through a low-phenylalanine diet.
What does the term 'essential nutrient' refer to?
- A. A nutrient that can be synthesized by the body.
- B. A nutrient that is required for proper body functioning.
- C. A nutrient that must be obtained from the diet because the body cannot produce it.
- D. A nutrient that can be stored in the body for long periods.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. An essential nutrient is a substance that is necessary for normal body functioning but cannot be synthesized in adequate amounts by the body, therefore it must be obtained from the diet. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because essential nutrients are not synthesized by the body, they are necessary for body functioning, and they are not typically stored in the body for long periods.
What is a crucial aspect of managing a child with cystic fibrosis?
- A. High-sugar diet
- B. Daily chest physiotherapy
- C. Frequent use of antacids
- D. Limiting fluid intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Daily chest physiotherapy is crucial in managing cystic fibrosis as it helps clear mucus from the lungs, improves respiratory function, and reduces the risk of lung infections. High-sugar diets are not recommended for individuals with cystic fibrosis as they can contribute to mucus production, exacerbating respiratory issues. Frequent use of antacids is not a primary treatment for cystic fibrosis, as it does not address the underlying lung issues. Limiting fluid intake is not typically advised for individuals with cystic fibrosis, as adequate hydration is essential for maintaining lung function and thinning mucus secretions.
What is a common treatment for a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
- A. Intravenous antibiotics
- B. Oral antibiotics
- C. Increased fluid intake only
- D. Topical antibiotics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Oral antibiotics are the correct choice for treating a child with a urinary tract infection (UTI). They are often prescribed to effectively address the infection and alleviate symptoms. Intravenous antibiotics (Choice A) are usually reserved for severe cases where oral antibiotics are not feasible or effective. Increased fluid intake (Choice C) can help in flushing out bacteria but is not a standalone treatment for UTIs. Topical antibiotics (Choice D) are not typically used to treat UTIs as they are more suited for skin infections.