Nokea
What is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with identical genetic material?
- A. Mitosis
- B. Meiosis
- C. Binary Fission
- D. Budding
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Mitosis. Mitosis is the process of cell division in which a cell divides and produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. Choice B, Meiosis, is a type of cell division that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes. Choice C, Binary Fission, is a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms. Choice D, Budding, is a form of asexual reproduction where a new organism develops from an outgrowth or bud on the parent.
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What is DNA made of?
- A. Proteins
- B. Nucleotides
- C. Lipids
- D. Carbohydrates
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: DNA is made up of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of genetic material. Choice A (Proteins) is incorrect because while proteins play a crucial role in the body, they are not the building blocks of DNA. Choice C (Lipids) and Choice D (Carbohydrates) are also incorrect as they are not the primary components of DNA.
How many chromosomes do sperm and egg produce in meiosis?
- A. 23
- B. 46
- C. 25
- D. 50
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During meiosis, sperm and egg cells produce half the number of chromosomes found in somatic cells. Each contributes 23 chromosomes, which combine to form a zygote with a total of 46 chromosomes. Choice B (46) is incorrect because this is the number of chromosomes produced in mitosis, not meiosis. Choices C (25) and D (50) are also incorrect as they do not align with the chromosome count in sex cells during meiosis.
What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell?
- A. Energy production
- B. Protein synthesis
- C. Waste removal
- D. Transport of materials
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum's primary function is the transport of materials within the cell. It acts as a network of membranes to assist in the transportation of proteins and other substances throughout the cell. Choice A, 'Energy production,' is incorrect because the endoplasmic reticulum is not directly involved in energy production. Choice B, 'Protein synthesis,' is incorrect as protein synthesis mainly occurs in ribosomes, although the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in modifying and transporting proteins. Choice C, 'Waste removal,' is also incorrect as waste removal is primarily handled by other organelles like lysosomes and peroxisomes.
What type of transport moves substances across the cell membrane using energy?
- A. Passive Transport
- B. Active Transport
- C. Facilitated Diffusion
- D. Osmosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Active Transport. Active transport moves substances across the cell membrane by utilizing energy from the cell, typically in the form of ATP. This process allows the cell to move molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy expenditure. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because passive transport does not require energy input, facilitated diffusion involves the assistance of proteins but does not directly use energy, and osmosis is the diffusion of water molecules specifically, not substances, across a selectively permeable membrane.
Where is the slide typically placed on a microscope?
- A. Eyepiece
- B. Stage
- C. Focus knob
- D. Objective lens
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The slide is typically placed on the stage of a microscope. The stage is the platform where the slide containing the specimen is positioned for viewing. The eyepiece is where you look through to view the specimen, the focus knob is used to sharpen the image, and the objective lens is responsible for magnification. Therefore, the correct answer is the stage.