Nokea
What is the process of converting lactic acid back into pyruvate called?
- A. Glycolysis
- B. Gluconeogenesis
- C. Cori cycle
- D. Oxidative phosphorylation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A) Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate.
B) Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.
C) The Cori cycle is the process by which lactic acid produced by anaerobic metabolism in muscles is transported to the liver and converted back into glucose or pyruvate.
D) Oxidative phosphorylation is the process by which ATP is synthesized using energy derived from the transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain.
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Which of the following substances is an example of an acidic gas?
- A. Nitrogen (Nâ‚‚)
- B. Carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚)
- C. Sulfur dioxide (SOâ‚‚)
- D. Oxygen (Oâ‚‚)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Sulfur dioxide (SOâ‚‚). Sulfur dioxide is an acidic gas because when dissolved in water, it forms sulfurous acid, which imparts acidic properties. Nitrogen (Nâ‚‚), carbon dioxide (COâ‚‚), and oxygen (Oâ‚‚) are not considered acidic gases. Nitrogen is a neutral gas, carbon dioxide forms a weakly acidic solution when dissolved in water, and oxygen is a neutral gas.
What is the relationship between work, force, and displacement?
- A. Work is directly proportional to force but inversely proportional to displacement
- B. Work is directly proportional to both force and displacement
- C. Work is inversely proportional to force but directly proportional to displacement
- D. Work is inversely proportional to both force and displacement
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Work is directly proportional to both force and displacement. The work done on an object is calculated by multiplying the force applied to the object by the distance the object moves in the direction of the force. Therefore, work is directly proportional to both force and displacement. Choice A is incorrect because work is not inversely proportional to displacement. Choice C is incorrect because work is not inversely proportional to force. Choice D is incorrect because work is not inversely proportional to both force and displacement.
What is the role of RNA interference in silencing genes?
- A. Increases protein production
- B. Promotes gene mutation
- C. Inhibits the expression of specific genes
- D. Repairs damaged DNA
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process that involves the silencing of gene expression by inhibiting the translation of mRNA or by degrading mRNA molecules. This mechanism plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression and can be used to selectively silence specific genes. By interfering with the expression of specific genes, RNAi can downregulate protein production from those genes. Therefore, option C, 'Inhibits the expression of specific genes,' is the correct role of RNA interference in silencing genes. Options A, B, and D are incorrect because RNA interference does not increase protein production, promote gene mutation, or repair damaged DNA; its primary function is to inhibit gene expression by degrading or interfering with mRNA.
What is the term for the reaction between an acid and a base to produce water and a salt?
- A. Combustion
- B. Neutralization
- C. Oxidation
- D. Decomposition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neutralization is the correct term for the reaction between an acid and a base to produce water and a salt. During neutralization, the hydrogen ions from the acid react with the hydroxide ions from the base to form water, and the remaining ions combine to form a salt. Combustion involves a reaction with oxygen, oxidation is the loss of electrons, and decomposition is the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances. These processes do not accurately describe the reaction between an acid and a base to produce water and a salt.
Which part of the respiratory system is responsible for gas exchange between the blood and inhaled air?
- A. Trachea
- B. Larynx
- C. Alveoli
- D. Pharynx
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Alveoli. The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place between the air we breathe in and the blood. The trachea, larynx, and pharynx are all part of the airway passage but do not directly participate in gas exchange. The trachea serves as the windpipe, the larynx is involved in sound production and protecting the airway during swallowing, and the pharynx helps with swallowing and speech production. Therefore, the alveoli specifically facilitate the critical gas exchange process, making them the correct answer in this context.