Nokea
What is the purpose of administering diphenhydramine before a blood transfusion?
- A. To prevent urticaria
- B. To avoid fever and chills
- C. To enhance clotting factors
- D. To expand the blood volume
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The clinical indicators of urticaria are a rash accompanied by pruritus. Urticaria is a manifestation of a transfusion reaction when it occurs during a blood transfusion and is preventable by premedicating the client with an antihistamine, such as diphenhydramine. The remaining options are incorrect. Clients can also be premedicated with acetaminophen to help prevent fever and chills.
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The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with deep vein thrombosis. When assessing the client's vital signs, the nurse notes an apical pulse of 150 bpm, a respiratory rate of 46 breaths/minutes, and blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg. The client appears anxious and restless. What should be the nurse's first course of action?
- A. Notify the physician.
- B. Administer a sedative.
- C. Try to elicit a positive Homan's sign.
- D. Increase the flow rate of intravenous fluids.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These symptoms suggest a possible pulmonary embolism, a life-threatening complication of DVT, requiring immediate physician notification.
Which of the following actions by the nurse will most likely ensure that the correct client receives a medication? Select all that apply.
- A. Have the client state his or her name.
- B. Check the name on the arm band with the name on the medication.
- C. Learn to recognize the client.
- D. Check the client's room number.
- E. Compare the date of birth on the client's chart to the date of birth on the client's armband.
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Using two identifiers, such as the client's name, armband, and date of birth, ensures accurate medication administration. Room number and visual recognition are not reliable.
The nurse is assessing a client with suspected appendicitis. Which of the following findings would support this diagnosis?
- A. Pain at McBurney's point.
- B. Decreased bowel sounds.
- C. Bradycardia.
- D. Fever of 99°F.
Correct Answer: A, B
Rationale: Pain at McBurney's point and decreased bowel sounds are classic signs of appendicitis due to peritoneal irritation and intestinal obstruction.
The nurse is involved in preoperative teaching with a client who will be undergoing a lung resection. The client is told that two chest tubes will be placed during surgery. The nurse explains that the purpose of the nurse is to:
- A. Prevent clots.
- B. Remove air.
- C. Remove fluid.
- D. Facilitate 'milking' of the tubes.
Correct Answer: B, C
Rationale: Chest tubes are placed to remove air (pneumothorax) and fluid (hemothorax or pleural effusion) from the pleural space to restore negative pressure and lung expansion. Preventing clots or milking tubes is not their primary purpose.
Based on the fact that you family unit client is experiencing a situational crisis that has led to dysfunctional communication within the family unit, you have recommended that the entire nuclear family and members of the extended family who live in the family's home begin family therapy. The grandparents tell you that it is their grandson, rather than their son, who is addicted to prescription painkillers, is the cause of the problem; therefore, they do not have to participate in this group therapy. How should you respond to these grandparents?
- A. You should try to come to a few sessions at least because they may be very informative to you'.
- B. You are probably correct. This really is not your problem'.
- C. Despite the fact that it is your grandson's drug addiction, situations such as this affect all members of the family including grandparents who live in the home.'
- D. You should attend because the doctor has ordered family therapy for you as extended family members'.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Addiction affects the entire family system, including extended family members living in the home. Their participation in therapy can help address dysfunctional communication and support the family unit as a whole.