Nokea
What is the purpose of sodium polystyrene sulfonate in acute renal failure?
- A. Lower blood pressure.
- B. Reduce serum potassium.
- C. Increase urine output.
- D. Correct acidosis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Sodium polystyrene sulfonate removes potassium from the body, treating hyperkalemia.
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A client with a large goiter is scheduled for a subtotal thyroidectomy to treat thyrotoxicosis. Saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI) is prescribed preoperatively for the client. The primary reason for using this drug is that it helps:
- A. Slow progression of exophthalmos.
- B. Reduce the vascularity of the thyroid gland.
- C. Decrease the body's ability to store thyroxine.
- D. Increase the body's ability to excrete thyroxine.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: SSKI reduces the vascularity of the thyroid gland, making surgery safer by decreasing the risk of bleeding. It does not primarily affect exophthalmos, thyroxine storage, or excretion.
Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the long-term toxic effects of cancer treatments on the immune system?
- A. Clients with persistent immunologic abnormalities after treatment are at a much greater risk for infection than clients with a history of splenectomy.
- B. The use of radiation and combination chemotherapy can result in more frequent and more severe immune system impairment.
- C. Long-term immunologic effects have been studied only in clients with breast and lung cancer.
- D. The helper T cells recover more rapidly than the suppressor T cells, which results in positive helper cell balance that can last 5 years.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Radiation and combination chemotherapy can cause significant and prolonged immune suppression, increasing infection risk, which is a well-documented long-term effect.
The nurse is instructing the client about postsurgery activity following cataract surgery. What position should the nurse teach the client to use?
- A. Remain in a semi-Fowler's position.
- B. Position the feet higher than the body.
- C. Lie on the operative side.
- D. Place the head in a dependent position.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A semi-Fowler's position (head elevated 30-45 degrees) helps reduce intraocular pressure and swelling by promoting drainage and preventing fluid accumulation in the surgical eye.
In preparing the client and the family for a postoperative stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) after open heart surgery, the nurse should explain that:
- A. The client will remain in the ICU for 5 days.
- B. The client will sleep most of the time while in the ICU.
- C. Noise and activity within the ICU are minimal.
- D. The client will receive medication to relieve pain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pain management is a priority post-open heart surgery, and clients receive medications to ensure comfort in the ICU.
Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to do first when caring for a client who is experiencing spiritual distress?
- A. Make a referral to a member of the clergy.
- B. Explain the major beliefs of different religions.
- C. Suggest reading material.
- D. Help the client explore his or her own values and beliefs.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Helping the client explore their own values and beliefs is the first step in addressing spiritual distress, as it establishes a foundation for personalized spiritual support.