Nokea
What is the rationale that supports multidrug treatment for clients with tuberculosis?
- A. Multiple drugs potentiate the drugs' actions.
- B. Multiple drugs reduce undesirable drug adverse effects.
- C. Multiple drugs allow reduced drug dosages to be given.
- D. Multiple drugs reduce development of resistant strains of the bacteria.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Multidrug therapy for tuberculosis prevents the development of resistant bacterial strains by targeting different aspects of bacterial growth. Potentiation, reduced adverse effects, or lower dosages are not the primary rationale.
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The nurse cares for a client receiving fentanyl via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). After the client reports increased pain, the nurse obtains a provider's order to adjust the PCA settings. While making the prescribed changes on the PCA device, the nurse should prioritize
- A. verifying the settings with a second nurse.
- B. educating the client about the medication's side effects.
- C. repositioning the client for nonpharmacological pain relief.
- D. reassessing the client's current pain level.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Verifying PCA settings with a second nurse ensures accuracy and safety.
The nurse should tell the client to do which of the following when teaching the client about taking oral glucocorticoids?
- A. Take your medication with a full glass of water.'
- B. Take your medication on an empty stomach.'
- C. Take your medication at bedtime to increase absorption.'
- D. Take your medication with meals or with an antacid.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Taking glucocorticoids with meals or an antacid reduces gastrointestinal irritation, a common side effect.
The nurse is evaluating the client's learning about combination chemotherapy. Which of the following statements by the client about reasons for using combination chemotherapy indicates the need for further explanation?
- A. Combination chemotherapy is used to interrupt cell growth cycle at different points.'
- B. Combination chemotherapy is used to destroy cancer cells and treat side effects simultaneously.'
- C. Combination chemotherapy is used to decrease resistance.'
- D. Combination chemotherapy is used to minimize the toxicity from using high doses of a single agent.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Combination chemotherapy targets cancer cells at different cell cycle stages, reduces resistance, and minimizes toxicity by using lower doses of multiple drugs. It does not treat side effects; supportive care does. This statement indicates a need for further explanation.
A 56-year-old client who recently had a right pneumonectomy for lung cancer is admitted to the oncology unit with dyspnea and fever. The nurse should:
- A. Place the client on the left side.
- B. Position the client for postural drainage.
- C. Provide education on deep breathing exercises.
- D. Instruct the client to maintain bed rest with bathroom privileges.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Deep breathing exercises promote lung expansion and oxygenation, which are critical for a post-pneumonectomy client with dyspnea and fever, potentially indicating infection or compromised lung function.
A client had a colectomy 8½ hours ago. She has received 1,500 mL of dextrose 5% in water with normal saline solution. The client has just used a patient-controlled analgesia pump to administer morphine for pain, has been repositioned for comfort, and has stable pulse rate, respirations, and blood pressure. What should the nurse do next?
- A. Check that the family is comfortable.
- B. Assess vital signs following the use of morphine.
- C. Dim the lights in the room.
- D. Increase nasal oxygen from 2 to 3 L.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Morphine can cause respiratory depression or hypotension. Assessing vital signs after PCA use ensures the client's safety and detects adverse effects promptly.