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What is the recommended method of pain relief for a woman who has a perineal laceration after delivery?
- A. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- B. Acetaminophen
- C. Sitz baths
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, All of the above. After delivery, a woman with a perineal laceration may experience pain and inflammation. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce pain and inflammation. Acetaminophen can also provide pain relief without affecting inflammation. Sitz baths can help promote healing and reduce discomfort. Therefore, using all three methods together can provide comprehensive pain relief and aid in the healing process. Options A, B, and C alone may address specific aspects of pain relief but using all three together offers a more holistic approach to managing postpartum perineal pain.
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A nurse is caring for a client who is at 10 weeks of gestation. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
- A. Frequent vomiting with weight loss of 3 lb in 1 week
- B. Reports of mood swings
- C. Nosebleeds occurring approximately 3 times per week
- D. Increased vaginal discharge
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frequent vomiting with significant weight loss may indicate hyperemesis gravidarum, a condition that requires medical intervention to prevent dehydration and nutritional deficiencies.
Which of the following is a potential complication of maternal obesity during pregnancy?
- A. Gestational diabetes
- B. Preterm labor
- C. Placental abruption
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Maternal obesity during pregnancy can lead to gestational diabetes due to insulin resistance, preterm labor due to increased risk of premature birth, and placental abruption due to higher rates of hypertension and vascular complications. Choosing A, B, or C individually would be incorrect as they are all potential complications associated with maternal obesity.
Which of the following is a potential complication of a breech delivery?
- A. Fetal distress
- B. Maternal hemorrhage
- C. Birth trauma
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Birth trauma. In a breech delivery, where the baby is positioned feet or buttocks first, there is an increased risk of birth trauma due to potential difficulties in delivering the baby's head, leading to possible injuries such as fractures or nerve damage. Fetal distress and maternal hemorrhage can also occur but are not exclusive complications of breech delivery. Choice D, "All of the above," is incorrect as not all potential complications of a breech delivery are listed.
What is the recommended method of administering the first dose of hepatitis B vaccine to a newborn?
- A. Intramuscular injection
- B. Oral administration
- C. Topical application
- D. Subcutaneous injection
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Intramuscular injection. Administering the hepatitis B vaccine via intramuscular injection ensures proper absorption and immune response. Muscle tissue has a rich blood supply which aids in the rapid dissemination of the vaccine components throughout the body. This method also reduces the risk of injection site reactions. Oral administration (B) is not recommended for the hepatitis B vaccine as it may not provide sufficient immune response. Topical application (C) and subcutaneous injection (D) are not appropriate due to inadequate absorption and immunogenic response.
A nurse is preparing to assess fetal heart tones for a client who is at 12 weeks of gestation. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
- A. Place the client in a side-lying position prior to assessing the fetal heart rate
- B. Measure the fundal height to determine the placement of the ultrasound stethoscope.
- C. Position the ultrasound stethoscope above the symphysis pubis to assess the fetal heart rate.
- D. Perform Leopold maneuvers prior to auscultating the fetal heart rate.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At 12 weeks of gestation, the fetal heart rate is best assessed by placing the ultrasound stethoscope above the symphysis pubis, where the uterus is located.