Nokea
What is the risk the fetus will be affected?
- A. 1 in 2
- B. 1 in 4
- C. 1 in 50
- D. 1 in 200
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) type 2 is autosomal recessive. If the mother’s new partner is a carrier (assuming population risk isn’t specified), the risk is 1 in 4 (Choice B): 25% chance the fetus inherits two mutated SMN1 alleles (50% from each carrier parent). 1 in 2 (Choice A) applies if one parent is affected. 1 in 50 (Choice C) or 1 in 200 (Choice D) suggest unrelated carrier frequencies, not applicable without data. 1 in 4 is standard for recessive inheritance with two carriers.
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A one-year-old girl with dysentery is discharged. The most important information for the mother is
- A. Place child on NPO for 8 hours if diarrhea occurs
- B. Don’t wait long before bringing child to hospital
- C. Observe good hygiene to reduce faeco-oral spread
- D. Start anti-diarrhea meds before hospital
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hygiene C prevents reinfection, critical in dysentery, per document 0.
A 2-year-old boy presents with fever and a stiff neck. CSF analysis shows gram-positive cocci. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Viral meningitis
- B. Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis
- C. Haemophilus influenzae meningitis
- D. Neisseria meningitidis meningitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: S. pneumoniae meningitis is a common cause of bacterial meningitis with gram-positive cocci in CSF, per AAP. A, C-E differ in etiology or CSF findings.
In fetal circulation, the pressure is greatest in the
- A. Left ventricle
- B. Right atrium
- C. Pulmonary artery
- D. Aorta
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Right atrium B has the highest pressure in fetal circulation due to venous return, per document 3.
An adolescent who is brought to the emergency department (ED) by his parents has the following symptoms: periumbilical pain that peaks at 4-hour intervals followed by right lower quadrant pain, which is followed by vomiting. Based on these data, which condition does the nurse suspect?
- A. Meckel's diverticulum
- B. Omphalitis
- C. Appendicitis
- D. Ulcerative colitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Periumbilical pain shifting to the right lower quadrant (McBurney’s point) with vomiting is characteristic of appendicitis . Meckel’s diverticulum may cause bleeding, omphalitis is umbilical infection, and ulcerative colitis involves chronic diarrhea, not acute localized pain.
A 3-year-old girl presents with recurrent ear infections and speech delay. Audiometry shows conductive hearing loss. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Sensorineural hearing loss
- B. Otitis media with effusion
- C. Cholesteatoma
- D. Mastoiditis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: OME causes conductive loss post-infections, per AAP. A, C-E differ.