Nokea
What is the role of hemoglobin in red blood cells?
- A. To carry carbon dioxide to the lungs
- B. To carry oxygen from the lungs to the body
- C. To regulate blood pressure
- D. To produce white blood cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hemoglobin in red blood cells functions to carry oxygen from the lungs to tissues in the body. It binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it to the body's cells, ensuring they have an adequate oxygen supply for metabolic processes. Choice A is incorrect because hemoglobin primarily carries oxygen, not carbon dioxide. Choice C is incorrect because hemoglobin's role is not related to blood pressure regulation. Choice D is incorrect because hemoglobin is not involved in the production of white blood cells.
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Which two types of elements are most likely to form an ionic bond?
- A. Two elements that are in the same period.
- B. Two elements that are non-metals and have p orbitals.
- C. One element that is a transition metal with d orbitals and one element that is a metal with s orbitals.
- D. One element that is a metal with s orbitals and one element that is a nonmetal with p orbitals.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ionic bonds typically form between a metal, which donates electrons from its s orbital, and a nonmetal, which accepts electrons into its p orbital. This transfer of electrons leads to the formation of an ionic bond. Choice A is incorrect as elements in the same period may vary significantly in their properties. Choice B is incorrect because ionic bonds are usually formed between a metal and a nonmetal, not two nonmetals. Choice C is incorrect because transition metals generally form complex ions through the sharing of electrons, not typical ionic bonds.
Which plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves?
- A. Sagittal/Median Plane
- B. Frontal/Coronal Plane
- C. Transverse/Cross-Section Plane
- D. Horizontal Plane
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B - Frontal/Coronal Plane. This plane divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) halves. The sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves, the transverse plane separates the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. The horizontal plane is not a standard anatomical term for body division and does not provide division into front and back halves.
Which of the following is not a component of blood?
- A. Red blood cells
- B. White blood cells
- C. Platelets
- D. Cartilage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Cartilage. Cartilage is not a component of blood. Blood primarily consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen, white blood cells are part of the immune system, and platelets are essential for blood clotting. Cartilage, on the other hand, is a type of connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as the joints and nose, but it is not present in the blood. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are components of blood, while choice D, Cartilage, is the correct answer as it is not a component of blood.
What do ligaments connect?
- A. Muscle to muscle
- B. Bone to bone
- C. Bone to muscle
- D. Muscle to tendon
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ligaments are fibrous connective tissues that connect bone to bone, providing stability and support to joints. They help prevent excessive movement in the joints and maintain proper alignment between bones during movement. Ligaments are not directly involved in connecting muscle to muscle, bone to muscle, or muscle to tendon. Choice A is incorrect because ligaments do not connect muscle to muscle. Choice C is incorrect as ligaments do not connect bone to muscle. Choice D is incorrect as ligaments do not connect muscle to tendon.
What are Mendel's laws?
- A. Law of inheritance, law of expression
- B. Law of segregation, law of independent assortment
- C. Law of dominance, law of recessiveness
- D. Law of mutation, law of crossing over
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Mendel's laws consist of the law of segregation, which states that each parent passes one allele for each trait, and the law of independent assortment, which explains that genes for different traits are inherited independently. Choice A is incorrect because 'law of expression' is not one of Mendel's laws. Choice C is incorrect because 'law of dominance' and 'law of recessiveness' do not represent the two main laws proposed by Mendel. Choice D is incorrect because 'law of mutation' and 'law of crossing over' are not part of Mendel's original laws.