Nokea
What is the role of mucus secreted by the stomach?
- A. To protect the lining of the stomach
- B. To digest fats
- C. To kill the germs in the food
- D. To digest the proteins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mucus or Gastric mucus is a gel barrier secreted by epithelial cells & glandular cells in the stomach wall. It protects the inner lining of the stomach from HCl.
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The large intestine lacks:
- A. goblet cells
- B. epiploic appendages
- C. plicae circulares
- D. haustra
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The large intestine lacks plicae circulares, which are present in the small intestine to increase surface area.
Ito cells, all true except:
- A. Hepatic stellate cells that store vitamin A.
- B. Liver cirrhosis, these cells may differentiate into myofibroblasts to synthesize collagen & induce fibrosis.
- C. One of the contents of the perisinusoidal space
- D. They are highly phagocytic cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ito (stellate) cells store vitamin A and contribute to fibrosis, but Kupffer cells, not Ito cells, are phagocytic.
Which type of motility in the large intestine helps in the absorption of water and electrolytes?
- A. Peristalsis
- B. Segmentation
- C. Mass movements
- D. Swallowing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Segmentation in the large intestine involves rhythmic contractions that mix contents, increasing contact time with the mucosa for water and electrolyte absorption.
During physical examination the nurse notes an absence of bowel sounds. What does this finding indicate about the function of the gastrointestinal tract?
- A. Reduced peristalsis
- B. Normal digestion
- C. Increased motility
- D. Excessive gas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Absent bowel sounds suggest reduced or absent peristalsis, possibly indicating ileus or obstruction.
Which motor activity is primarily responsible for mixing and churning food in the small intestine to enhance digestion and absorption?
- A. Peristalsis
- B. Segmentation
- C. Migrating motor complex
- D. Gastric emptying
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Segmentation mixes chyme with digestive enzymes and increases mucosal contact for absorption in the small intestine.