Nokea
What is the science of biological classification commonly called?
- A. Taxonomy
- B. Physiology
- C. Botany
- D. Zoology
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Taxonomy is the science of naming, defining, and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Physiology (choice B) is the study of the functions and processes of living organisms, not classification. Botany (choice C) is the study of plants, while Zoology (choice D) is the study of animals. Therefore, the correct answer is Taxonomy (choice A).
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Why does ice have the capability of floating on water?
- A. It has a higher viscosity
- B. It has a different chemical composition
- C. It has a high specific heat
- D. It forms a lattice when freezing
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Ice forms a lattice structure when it freezes, which makes it less dense than liquid water, allowing it to float. Choice A is incorrect because viscosity refers to a fluid's resistance to flow and is not related to ice floating. Choice B is incorrect as ice and liquid water have the same chemical composition (H2O). Choice C is incorrect because the high specific heat of water is not the reason why ice floats.
Proteins are polymers of 20 molecules called:
- A. Amino acids
- B. Phospholipids
- C. Carbohydrates
- D. Fatty acids
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Proteins are indeed polymers made up of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, where each protein has a unique sequence of amino acids that determines its structure and function. Phospholipids, carbohydrates, and fatty acids are not molecules that make up proteins. Phospholipids are the main components of cell membranes, carbohydrates are sugars used for energy and structural purposes, and fatty acids are building blocks of lipids.
Which organelle has the ability to hydrolyze fats, nucleic acids, proteins, and sugars?
- A. Chloroplasts
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Lysosomes
- D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Lysosomes. Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that are capable of breaking down various biomolecules such as fats, nucleic acids, proteins, and sugars. This organelle acts as the 'digestive system' of the cell. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis, mitochondria are responsible for energy production, and ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, not the hydrolysis of biomolecules.
The term pleiotropy is best defined as which of the following?
- A. A situation in which one gene remains unexpressed
- B. One gene influencing multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits
- C. Two genes affected by a single allele
- D. A condition in which multiple genes are missing
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pleiotropy is best defined as one gene influencing multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. This phenomenon showcases the multifunctionality of genes, where a single gene can have effects on various aspects of an organism's phenotype. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately capture the concept of pleiotropy. Option A refers to gene expression, not pleiotropy. Option C describes genetic interactions but not in the context of pleiotropy. Option D talks about missing genes, which is unrelated to the definition of pleiotropy.
Binary fission is a type of asexual reproduction. Which of the following occurs during the binary fission process?
- A. The chromosomes bind to the plasma membrane
- B. The chromosomes attach to the spindle formed along the axis
- C. The chromosomes gather in the center of the cell
- D. The chromosomes begin to separate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. In binary fission, the chromosomes bind to the plasma membrane before the cell splits into two. This initial step ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic material. Choice B is incorrect because the spindle apparatus is characteristic of eukaryotic cell division (mitosis), not prokaryotic binary fission. Choice C is incorrect as chromosomes do not necessarily gather in the center of the cell during binary fission. Choice D is incorrect because the chromosomes do not begin to separate in binary fission; they replicate and then move to opposite ends of the cell before division.