Nokea
What is the study of how a person's genes interact with nutrients?
- A. genetic counseling
- B. nutritional genomics
- C. genetic metabolomics
- D. nutritional genetics
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nutritional genomics, the correct answer, specifically focuses on how a person's genes interact with nutrients, affecting health and disease. Genetic counseling (choice A) refers to the process of helping people understand and adapt to the medical, psychological, and familial implications of genetic contributions to disease. Genetic metabolomics (choice C) combines genetic and metabolomic data to study metabolic pathways. Nutritional genetics (choice D) generally refers to the broader field of genetics as it relates to nutrition, while nutritional genomics, the most precise term, delves into the specific gene-nutrient interactions.
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What is a key intervention for a child with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes?
- A. Insulin administration
- B. Increased dietary fat intake
- C. Restricted fluid intake
- D. Routine physical examinations only
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Insulin administration. When a child is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, insulin administration is a crucial intervention. Insulin helps regulate blood glucose levels by enabling cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream. Without sufficient insulin, blood glucose levels can become dangerously high, leading to various complications. Increased dietary fat intake (choice B) is not a recommended intervention for type 1 diabetes management, as it can contribute to weight gain and other health issues. Restricted fluid intake (choice C) is also not appropriate, as adequate hydration is essential for overall health. Routine physical examinations (choice D) are important but are not the primary intervention needed to manage type 1 diabetes.
What intervention is recommended for a child with severe dehydration?
- A. Oral rehydration therapy
- B. Intravenous fluid replacement
- C. High-protein diet
- D. Increased physical activity
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Intravenous fluid replacement is the recommended intervention for a child with severe dehydration because it allows for rapid restoration of fluid and electrolyte balance. In severe cases, oral rehydration therapy (Choice A) may not be tolerated due to the child's condition. A high-protein diet (Choice C) is not the primary intervention and does not address the immediate fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Increased physical activity (Choice D) is contraindicated in severe dehydration as it can exacerbate fluid loss, making intravenous fluid replacement the most suitable choice for prompt correction of the severe dehydration.
How should a healthcare provider respond to a parent concerned about their child's sleep pattern?
- A. Recommend a sleep study
- B. Suggest increasing daytime naps
- C. Provide education on sleep hygiene
- D. Advise on medication use
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a parent expresses concerns about their child's sleep pattern, providing education on sleep hygiene is a beneficial response. Teaching parents about establishing a consistent sleep routine, creating a conducive sleep environment, and promoting healthy sleep habits can help address the child's sleep issues. This empowers the parent to make positive changes that can improve the child's sleep patterns. Recommending a sleep study (Choice A) may be premature and unnecessary without first addressing basic sleep hygiene. Suggesting increasing daytime naps (Choice B) may not always be appropriate and could further disrupt the child's nighttime sleep. Advising on medication use (Choice D) should be considered only after other non-pharmacological approaches have been tried and if deemed necessary by a healthcare provider.
What is an essential part of care for a child with asthma during an acute episode?
- A. Administer a bronchodilator
- B. Provide high doses of steroids
- C. Increase fluid intake
- D. Restrict all physical activity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering a bronchodilator is an essential part of caring for a child with asthma during an acute episode because it helps to open airways and relieve acute asthma symptoms effectively. Providing high doses of steroids (Choice B) is typically done in severe cases or when other treatments fail. Increasing fluid intake (Choice C) can be beneficial to prevent dehydration, but it is not the primary intervention during an acute asthma episode. Restricting all physical activity (Choice D) is not recommended as some physical activity may help improve lung function and overall well-being.
What should be assessed in a child with suspected appendicitis?
- A. Level of consciousness
- B. Bowel sounds and pain location
- C. Skin color and temperature
- D. Heart rate and blood pressure
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to assess bowel sounds and pain location. In a child with suspected appendicitis, focusing on bowel sounds and pain location, particularly in the lower right quadrant, is crucial. This assessment helps to identify symptoms commonly associated with appendicitis. Assessing the level of consciousness (Choice A) is important in other conditions such as head injuries or neurological issues. Skin color and temperature (Choice C) are more indicative of circulatory or skin-related problems. Heart rate and blood pressure (Choice D) are vital signs that are essential to assess in various conditions but are not specific to suspected appendicitis.