Nokea
What is the term for a group of organisms with the same genetic makeup?
- A. Population
- B. Clone
- C. Genotype
- D. Species
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this context, a clone (option B) is a group of organisms that are genetically identical because they are derived from a single ancestor. A population (option A) refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area. Genotype (option C) refers to the genetic makeup of an individual organism. Species (option D) refers to a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Therefore, the most appropriate choice for the question is 'Clone,' as it specifically refers to organisms with the same genetic makeup.
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Which of the following is NOT a primary producer in an ecosystem?
- A. Grass
- B. Deer
- C. Algae
- D. Mushroom
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: - A) Grass: Grass is a primary producer because it can photosynthesize and convert sunlight into energy, making it the base of the food chain.
- B) Deer: Deer are consumers that feed on primary producers like grass, so they are not primary producers themselves.
- C) Algae: Algae are primary producers that can photosynthesize and produce energy from sunlight.
- D) Mushroom: Mushrooms are decomposers that break down organic matter, so they are not primary producers.
Which of the following is an example of a nonpolar solvent?
- A. Water
- B. Ethanol
- C. Acetone
- D. Hydrochloric acid
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: - Water (option A) is a polar solvent due to its uneven distribution of charge, with the oxygen atom being partially negative and the hydrogen atoms being partially positive.
- Ethanol (option B) is a nonpolar solvent because it has a symmetrical molecular structure that does not result in significant charge separation.
- Acetone (option C) is a polar solvent as it contains a carbonyl group that results in a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom.
- Hydrochloric acid (option D) is a polar solvent due to the presence of the highly electronegative chlorine atom, which results in a partial negative charge.
Calcitonin, a hormone that helps regulate calcium levels, is produced by the:
- A. Thyroid gland
- B. Parathyroid gland
- C. Thymus gland
- D. Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland. It helps regulate calcium levels in the body by inhibiting the breakdown of bone and promoting calcium excretion by the kidneys. The parathyroid gland produces parathyroid hormone (PTH), which works in opposition to calcitonin to regulate calcium levels. The thymus gland is involved in the development of the immune system, and the adrenal gland produces hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. Therefore, the correct answer is the thyroid gland as it specifically secretes calcitonin for calcium regulation.
The resolution of an optical instrument, like a microscope, refers to its ability to distinguish between:
- A. Different colors of light
- B. The presence or absence of light
- C. Variations in intensity
- D. Very close, nearly identical objects
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The resolution of an optical instrument, such as a microscope, refers to its ability to distinguish between very close, nearly identical objects. This is crucial in microscopy to clearly visualize and differentiate fine details and structures. Resolving power plays a significant role in determining the quality and effectiveness of an optical instrument. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the resolution of an optical instrument does not primarily deal with different colors of light, presence or absence of light, or variations in intensity. Instead, it specifically focuses on the instrument's ability to differentiate between objects that are very close and nearly identical in nature.
Which vitamin is crucial for calcium absorption and synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure?
- A. Vitamin A
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Vitamin D
- D. Vitamin E
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is Vitamin D. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption as it helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. When the skin is exposed to sunlight, UVB rays convert a compound in the skin to vitamin D. This vitamin is vital for maintaining bone health and ensuring the overall calcium balance in the body. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis and immune function, and Vitamin E is an antioxidant that helps protect cells from damage by free radicals. However, none of these vitamins are primarily responsible for calcium absorption and synthesized in the skin upon sun exposure.