Nokea
What is the term for creating a surgical airway in the front of the neck (cervical region) to remove copious secretions?
- A. Bronchoscopy
- B. Tracheostomy
- C. Thoracentesis
- D. Underwater seal drainage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tracheostomy. Tracheostomy involves creating a surgical airway in the front of the neck to remove copious secretions. This procedure allows direct access to the trachea to facilitate breathing and clear secretions. Bronchoscopy (choice A) involves visualizing the airways with a scope, not creating a surgical airway. Thoracentesis (choice C) is a procedure to remove fluid from the chest cavity, not the airway. Underwater seal drainage (choice D) is used for managing chest tube drainage, not creating a surgical airway.
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What is the primary focus of public health?
- A. Preventing disease and promoting health
- B. Providing health education
- C. Ensuring access to health care services
- D. Reducing health disparities
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary focus of public health is preventing disease and promoting health. This is because public health aims to improve the overall health of populations through preventive measures such as vaccinations, health education, and policy interventions. By focusing on prevention, public health addresses the root causes of health issues and promotes well-being on a larger scale. Providing health education (choice B) is a component of public health but not the primary focus. Ensuring access to health care services (choice C) is important but falls under healthcare delivery rather than public health. Reducing health disparities (choice D) is a goal of public health but not the primary focus, as it is a part of the broader mission to promote health equity.
What is a primary objective of public health?
- A. Lowering the prevalence of chronic diseases
- B. Eliminating health disparities among populations
- C. Delivering health education
- D. Extending life expectancy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Eliminating health disparities among populations. This is the primary objective of public health as it focuses on ensuring that all individuals have equal access to healthcare and resources to achieve optimal health outcomes. By addressing disparities, public health aims to promote health equity and reduce inequalities in health status. Lowering chronic diseases (A) and extending life expectancy (D) are important goals but not the primary objective. Delivering health education (C) is a strategy within public health but not the main objective.
Which is a major focus of community health nursing?
- A. Providing care to individuals and families
- B. Improving access to health care
- C. Implementing health policies
- D. Promoting community partnerships
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because community health nursing primarily focuses on providing care to individuals and families within a community to improve their health outcomes. This involves assessing their needs, developing care plans, and implementing interventions to promote wellness and prevent disease. Improving access to healthcare (B) and implementing health policies (C) are important aspects of public health, but not the main focus of community health nursing. Promoting community partnerships (D) is also essential, but it is more about collaboration and resource mobilization rather than the primary focus of providing direct care.
What procedure is performed prior to a blood transfusion to detect incompatibilities?
- A. Grouping and crossmatching
- B. Complete blood count
- C. D-dimer test
- D. Blood clotting test
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Grouping and crossmatching. This procedure involves determining the patient's blood type (grouping) and testing for compatibility with the donor blood (crossmatching). It ensures that the recipient receives compatible blood, minimizing the risk of transfusion reactions.
B: Complete blood count is not specific to detecting incompatibilities for transfusions.
C: D-dimer test is used to detect blood clotting disorders, not blood transfusion incompatibilities.
D: Blood clotting test assesses the ability of blood to clot, not compatibility for transfusions.
What is the most crucial factor in determining the health of a community?
- A. Access to health care services
- B. Socioeconomic status
- C. Environmental quality
- D. Genetic predisposition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status influences access to healthcare, environmental quality, and genetic predisposition. Low socioeconomic status is linked to poorer health outcomes due to limited access to healthcare services, exposure to environmental hazards, and unhealthy lifestyle factors. It also impacts education, employment, and social support, all of which are crucial for community health. Access to healthcare services (A) is important but is influenced by socioeconomic status. Environmental quality (C) and genetic predisposition (D) play a role, but socioeconomic status has a broader impact on overall community health.