Nokea
What is the term for the particles moving within a substance?
- A. Ions
- B. Atoms
- C. Molecules
- D. Kinetic energy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The term for the particles moving within a substance is typically 'molecules' or 'atoms,' depending on the state of matter. In this context, 'molecules' represent the particles moving around within a substance, especially in the liquid and gas states, while 'atoms' are the fundamental building blocks of matter. 'Ions' are charged particles that can be present in a substance but are not necessarily the primary particles in motion. 'Kinetic energy' is not a term used to describe the particles themselves but rather the energy associated with their motion.
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What is the primary function of the spleen, an organ associated with the lymphatic system?
- A. Regulating blood sugar levels
- B. Filtering blood and destroying old red blood cells
- C. Producing digestive enzymes
- D. Secreting hormones
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The spleen is primarily responsible for filtering blood and destroying old or damaged red blood cells. It also aids in storing blood and producing specific types of white blood cells, contributing to maintaining blood quality and immune system function. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the spleen is not involved in regulating blood sugar levels, producing digestive enzymes, or secreting hormones. These functions are carried out by other organs in the body.
What principle explains the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature for ideal gases?
- A. Law of conservation of energy
- B. Newton's laws of motion
- C. Ideal gas law
- D. Archimedes' principle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is the Ideal Gas Law (Choice C). The ideal gas law, PV = nRT, describes the relationship between pressure (P), volume (V), temperature (T), and the number of moles of gas (n) for an ideal gas. It states that the product of pressure and volume is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas when the number of moles is held constant. This law is a fundamental principle in understanding the behavior of ideal gases. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The Law of conservation of energy (Choice A) pertains to the principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed; Newton's laws of motion (Choice B) describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it; Archimedes' principle (Choice D) deals with the buoyant force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid. These principles are not directly related to the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature for ideal gases.
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
- A. Breaking down and recycling cellular waste
- B. Packaging and transporting proteins and lipids
- C. Generating energy through cellular respiration
- D. Translating DNA into proteins
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Golgi apparatus plays a crucial role in the cell by packaging and modifying proteins and lipids synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum. These proteins and lipids are then transported to their final destinations within the cell or outside of it. The Golgi apparatus does not break down and recycle cellular waste, generate energy through cellular respiration, or translate DNA into proteins. Its primary function is related to processing and sorting molecules for cellular use.
What is the relationship between the speed of a wave, its frequency, and wavelength in a given medium?
- A. Speed = Frequency Wavelength
- B. Speed = Frequency · Wavelength
- C. Speed = Frequency + Wavelength
- D. Speed = Frequency - Wavelength
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The speed of a wave in a given medium is determined by the product of its frequency and wavelength. This relationship is described by the formula: Speed = Frequency Wavelength. When a wave travels through a medium, the speed at which it propagates is directly proportional to both its frequency and wavelength. Therefore, to calculate the speed of the wave, you multiply the frequency of the wave by its wavelength. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because speed is not determined by division, addition, or subtraction of frequency and wavelength; instead, it is determined by their multiplication in the given medium.
What are the differences between RNA and DNA?
- A. Both have the same structure and function.
- B. RNA is single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded.
- C. RNA contains ribose sugar, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.
- D. RNA has adenine and guanine, while DNA has thymine and cytosine.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A) This statement is incorrect. RNA and DNA have different structures and functions. RNA is involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes, while DNA stores genetic information. B) This statement is correct. RNA is typically single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded, forming a double helix structure. C) This statement is correct. RNA contains ribose sugar in its backbone, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar. D) This statement is incorrect. RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil, while DNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine. Choice B is the correct answer as it accurately describes one of the key differences between RNA and DNA, emphasizing their structural disparity in terms of single-strandedness for RNA and double-strandedness for DNA. Choices A, C, and D contain inaccuracies regarding the structural and compositional distinctions between RNA and DNA, making them incorrect choices.