Nokea
What is the term for the process of converting a liquid into a gas at a temperature below its boiling point?
- A. Vaporization
- B. Evaporation
- C. Condensation
- D. Sublimation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Evaporation is the correct term for the process of converting a liquid into a gas at a temperature below its boiling point. During evaporation, molecules of the liquid gain enough energy to escape into the gas phase, primarily occurring at the liquid's surface. Vaporization is a broader term that encompasses the conversion of a substance from a liquid or solid state to a gas, not specifically at temperatures below the boiling point. Condensation is the reverse process of evaporation, involving the conversion of a gas into a liquid. Sublimation, on the other hand, refers to the direct transition of a substance from the solid phase to the gas phase without passing through the liquid phase.
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What is the main factor limiting population growth in K-strategists?
- A. Predation
- B. Availability of resources
- C. Competition
- D. Disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: K-strategists are species with a low reproductive rate that invest more resources in raising fewer offspring. These species typically live in stable environments with limited resources. The main factor limiting population growth in K-strategists is the availability of resources such as food, shelter, and space. When resources are scarce, K-strategists may struggle to find enough to support their population size, leading to reduced reproductive success and population growth. While predation, competition, and disease can also impact population growth, the primary limiting factor for K-strategists is the availability of resources.
Which element is a critical component of DNA and RNA, essential for storing and transmitting genetic information?
- A. Oxygen
- B. Carbon
- C. Nitrogen
- D. Hydrogen
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Carbon is the correct answer as it is a critical element in DNA and RNA, forming the backbone of these molecules. Its ability to form diverse bonds allows for efficient storage and transmission of genetic information. Oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen are also present in DNA and RNA but do not serve as the primary backbone element for these molecules. Oxygen is involved in the structure but not as the backbone element. Nitrogen is present in the bases of nucleotides, and hydrogen bonds help stabilize the structure.
What property of a substance refers to its ability to undergo a chemical change and form new substances with different properties?
- A. Density
- B. Mass
- C. Reactivity
- D. Volume
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Reactivity is the property of a substance that describes its ability to undergo a chemical change and form new substances with different properties. Density (A), mass (B), and volume (D) are physical properties of a substance and do not directly relate to its ability to undergo chemical changes. Density is mass per unit volume, mass is the amount of matter in a substance, and volume is the space occupied by a substance.
What phenomenon occurs when light passes through a medium without changing direction, such as when passing through a window?
- A. Diffraction
- B. Reflection
- C. Dispersion
- D. Transmission
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Transmission.' Transmission refers to the phenomenon where light passes through a medium without changing direction, as observed when light passes through a window. Diffraction involves the bending of light waves around obstacles, reflection is the bouncing back of light waves from a surface, and dispersion is the separation of light into its different colors. In this case, the question specifically asks about the situation where light passes through a medium without changing direction, which aligns with the process of transmission.
What is the term used to describe the inability of the kidneys to effectively filter waste products from the blood?
- A. Dehydration
- B. Kidney failure
- C. Incontinence
- D. Nephritis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Kidney failure is the term used to describe the inability of the kidneys to effectively filter waste products from the blood. Dehydration refers to insufficient fluid intake and not the kidney's filtering function. Incontinence is the loss of bladder control, not related to kidney filtration. Nephritis is the inflammation of the kidneys, not specifically related to the kidneys' inability to filter waste products.