Nokea
What is the term for the process of exchanging gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and the tissues?
- A. Inhalation
- B. Exhalation
- C. External respiration
- D. Internal respiration
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: External respiration is the correct term for the process of exchanging gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the blood and the tissues. It specifically refers to the exchange of gases that occurs in the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide is released from the bloodstream to be exhaled. Inhalation and exhalation, choices A and B, are phases of the breathing process that involve the intake and expulsion of air into and out of the lungs, respectively. Internal respiration, choice D, is the process of gas exchange that happens at the cellular level between the blood and body tissues, not between the blood and the lungs or tissues as in external respiration. Therefore, external respiration is the most appropriate term for the described gas exchange process in the question.
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Which term describes the ability of a substance to conduct electricity?
- A. Reactivity
- B. Density
- C. Conductivity
- D. Viscosity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Conductivity is the correct term used to describe the ability of a substance to conduct electricity. Reactivity is the measure of a substance's tendency to undergo chemical reactions. Density refers to the mass per unit volume of a substance, while viscosity is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow. In the context of conducting electricity, conductivity is the most appropriate term as it directly relates to the substance's electrical conductive properties.
What is the medical term for an ingrown hair?
- A. Folliculitis
- B. Hirsutism
- C. Pseudofolliculitis Barbae
- D. Alopecia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Folliculitis. Folliculitis is the medical term for the inflammation of hair follicles, which can be caused by ingrown hairs. Hirsutism refers to excessive hair growth, pseudofolliculitis barbae is a condition where shaving causes ingrown hairs, and alopecia is hair loss. Therefore, choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not specifically refer to ingrown hairs.
What is the difference between exhalation (expiration) and inhalation (inspiration)?
- A. Exhalation involves active muscle contraction, while inhalation is passive.
- B. Inhalation brings in oxygen-rich air, while exhalation releases carbon dioxide-rich air.
- C. Exhalation occurs through the nose only, while inhalation can occur through the nose or mouth.
- D. Inhalation warms and humidifies air, while exhalation cools and dries air.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Exhalation (expiration) involves active muscle contraction, specifically the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, to decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity and push air out of the lungs. In contrast, inhalation (inspiration) is a passive process where the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract to increase the thoracic cavity volume, allowing air to flow into the lungs. Choice B is incorrect as exhalation removes carbon dioxide-rich air and inhalation brings in oxygen-rich air. Choice C is incorrect because both exhalation and inhalation can occur through the nose or mouth. Choice D is inaccurate as inhalation humidifies and warms the air, while exhalation cools and dries it.
Differentiate between gene therapy and genetic engineering in the context of human intervention.
- A. Gene therapy aims to modify existing genes within body cells, while genetic engineering manipulates genes in embryos to be passed on to offspring.
- B. Gene therapy focuses on treating genetic diseases, while genetic engineering enhances desirable traits or eliminates undesirable ones.
- C. Both involve directly altering the DNA sequence, but gene therapy targets somatic cells and genetic engineering modifies germline cells.
- D. There is no fundamental difference; both terms are synonymous.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A) Incorrect. Gene therapy does aim to modify existing genes within body cells, but genetic engineering does not necessarily manipulate genes in embryos to be passed on to offspring. Genetic engineering can involve modifying genes in any type of cell, not just embryos.
B) Correct. Gene therapy is a medical intervention that aims to treat genetic diseases by correcting or replacing faulty genes within an individual's body cells. On the other hand, genetic engineering involves modifying genes to enhance specific traits or eliminate undesirable ones, often in the context of agriculture or biotechnology.
C) Incorrect. While both gene therapy and genetic engineering involve altering DNA sequences, the distinction lies in the target cells. Gene therapy targets somatic cells (non-reproductive cells), while genetic engineering typically involves modifying germline cells (reproductive cells that can pass on genetic changes to offspring).
D) Incorrect. There is
Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?
- A. Frontal lobe
- B. Parietal lobe
- C. Temporal lobe
- D. Occipital lobe
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The occipital lobe, located at the back of the brain, is primarily responsible for processing visual information. It contains the primary visual cortex, which interprets visual stimuli received from the eyes. The frontal lobe is primarily involved in higher cognitive functions, the parietal lobe in sensory processing and spatial awareness, and the temporal lobe in auditory processing and memory. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they are associated with functions different from visual processing.