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What is the third step in the impulse pattern of conduction through the heart?
- A. Atrial wall
- B. Atrial-ventricular (AV) node
- C. Purkinje fibers
- D. Sinoatrial (SA) node
- E. Bundle branches
- F. Bundle of His
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The conduction begins with the impulse from the SA node that travels down the atrial wall to the AV node, to the Bundle of His, to the bundle branches, and finally to the Purkinje fibers.
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What is the difference between primary and secondary hypertension?
- A. Secondary hypertension is caused by another disorder like renal disease.
- B. Secondary hypertension is related to hereditary factors.
- C. Secondary hypertension cannot be treated effectively.
- D. Secondary hypertension is no real threat to health.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Secondary hypertension is a consistently elevated blood pressure that is caused by another disorder, such as renal disease, diabetes, or Cushing syndrome.
The nurse assesses that the home health patient has no signs or symptoms of heart failure, but does have a history of rheumatic fever and has been recently diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The nurse is aware that using the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) staging, this patient would be in which stage?
- A. stage A.
- B. stage B.
- C. stage C.
- D. stage D.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The ACC/AHA staging describes stage A as a person without symptoms of heart failure, but with primary conditions associated with the development of the disease.
A patient, age 72, was admitted to the medical unit with a diagnosis of angina pectoris. Which is a characteristic signs and symptoms of angina pectoris?
- A. substernal pain that radiates down the left arm.
- B. epigastric pain that radiates to the jaw.
- C. indigestion, nausea, and eructation.
- D. fatigue, shortness of breath, and dyspnea.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The pain often radiates down the left inner arm to the little finger and also upward to the shoulder and jaw.
The life support system that uses special techniques, ventilation equipment, and therapies for emergency situations is
Correct Answer: advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)
Rationale: ACLS is a life support system that uses special techniques, ventilation equipment, and therapies for emergency situations.
A patient is admitted from the emergency department. The emergency department health care provider notes the patient has a diagnosis of heart failure with a New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification of IV. This indicates the patient has which class of heart failure?
- A. moderate heart failure.
- B. severe heart failure.
- C. congestive heart failure.
- D. negligible heart failure.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Class IV: Severe; patient unable to perform any physical activity without discomfort. Angina or symptoms of cardiac inefficiency may develop at rest.