Nokea
What is the transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) used for?
- A. Detect thrombi before a cardioversion.
- B. Check for cardiac arrhythmias.
- C. Detect the presence of an aneurysm
- D. Measure effectiveness of diuretic therapy.
- E. Locate obstructions in the coronary artery.
Correct Answer: A,C
Rationale: The TEE is used to check for thrombi before cardioversion, and to visualize the presence of an aneurysm.
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The patient, age 26, is hospitalized with cardiomyopathy. While assisting with data collection from the patient, the nurse recognizes that the increased incidence of cardiomyopathy in young adults who have minimal risk factors for cardiovascular disease is related to which factor?
- A. Cocaine use
- B. Viral infection
- C. Vitamin B1 deficiency
- D. Pregnancy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cardiomyopathy caused by cocaine abuse triggers intense vasoconstriction of the coronary arteries and peripheral vasoconstriction. Cocaine also causes high circulating levels of catecholamines, which may further damage myocardial cells, leading to ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy. The cardiomyopathy produced is difficult to treat. Interventions deal mainly with the HF that ensues.
The life support system that uses special techniques, ventilation equipment, and therapies for emergency situations is
Correct Answer: advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)
Rationale: ACLS is a life support system that uses special techniques, ventilation equipment, and therapies for emergency situations.
The nurse outlines which as a condition that would disqualify a candidate for a heart transplant?
- A. Recent malignancy
- B. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- C. Peptic ulcer disease
- D. Diabetes type 2
- E. Severe obesity
- F. Inoperable coronary artery disease
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Contraindications for candidacy for cardiac transplant include recent malignancy, active peptic ulcer disease, severe obesity, diabetes type 1 with end-organ damage. Dilated cardiomyopathy and inoperable coronary artery disease are indications for transplant.
What is the third step in the impulse pattern of conduction through the heart?
- A. Atrial wall
- B. Atrial-ventricular (AV) node
- C. Purkinje fibers
- D. Sinoatrial (SA) node
- E. Bundle branches
- F. Bundle of His
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The conduction begins with the impulse from the SA node that travels down the atrial wall to the AV node, to the Bundle of His, to the bundle branches, and finally to the Purkinje fibers.
A patient with atrial fibrillation may experience decreased cardiac output, due to
Correct Answer: Incomplete ventricular filling
Rationale: Since the atria quiver, rather than contract, the normal atrial kick is lost, leading to a decrease in the cardiac output.