Nokea
What is true about food and drug precautions? Select all that apply.
- A. You must limit certain types of food or concurrent administration of certain types of drugs.
- B. Certain combinations of food and drugs can cause adverse reactions.
- C. Precautions may require limiting certain types of food or concurring drugs rather than restricting the drug itself.
- D. When one drug changes the way, another drug affects that drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. You must limit certain types of food or concurrent administration of certain types of drugs: Some foods can interact with certain medications, either reducing their effectiveness or causing potentially harmful side effects. Therefore, it may be necessary to limit or avoid specific foods when taking certain medications.
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A client is prescribed Nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include during discharge teaching?
- A. Take the medication with food.
- B. Store the medication in a cool, dry place.
- C. Swallow the tablets whole.
- D. Take one tablet every 5 minutes up to three doses for chest pain.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During a chest pain episode, the client should take one nitroglycerin tablet sublingually every 5 minutes up to a total of three doses. If chest pain persists after three doses, emergency medical attention should be sought. Nitroglycerin should not be swallowed but allowed to dissolve under the tongue for rapid absorption. Storing the medication in a cool, dry place helps maintain its effectiveness.
When teaching a client with a prescription for Loperamide for diarrhea, which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with a full glass of water.
- B. Avoid activities that require alertness.
- C. Expect abdominal pain and bloating.
- D. Take an additional dose after each loose stool.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A client has a new prescription for Simvastatin. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will take this medication at bedtime.
- B. I should avoid eating grapefruit while taking this medication.
- C. I will need to monitor my blood sugar closely while taking this medication.
- D. I will stop taking the medication if I develop muscle pain.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Grapefruit can increase the levels of simvastatin in the blood, leading to an increased risk of serious side effects, including muscle pain or damage. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to avoid consuming grapefruit while taking this medication to prevent potential complications.
The nurse has completed medication education with the patient who is receiving lithium (Eskalith). What is the priority patient outcome?
- A. The patient will be able to work a normal work schedule and will receive adequate sleep
- B. The patient will identify signs of lithium (Eskalith) toxicity and verbalize measures to avoid it
- C. The patient will engage in activities of daily living and report enjoyment with them
- D. The patient will report stabilization of mood, including absence of mania or depression
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lithium toxicity (e.g., tremors, confusion) at narrow therapeutic range (0.6-1.2) is life-threatening-knowing signs (e.g., nausea) and prevention (e.g., hydration) is priority, per safety. Work, ADLs, and mood stability follow but aren't immediate risks. Toxicity awareness saves lives, per education.
Which of the following drugs causes the most significant inhibition of metabolism of rifabutin?
- A. Zidovudine
- B. Ritonavir
- C. Enfuvirtide
- D. Nevirapine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rifabutin, metabolized by CYP3A4, is affected by inhibitors. Zidovudine, enfuvirtide, and nevirapine don't strongly inhibit CYP3A4. St John's wort induces it, lowering levels. Ritonavir, a potent CYP3A4 inhibitor, significantly slows rifabutin metabolism, raising levels and toxicity risk (e.g., uveitis), the most impactful. This interaction requires dose adjustment, critical in HIV-TB co-treatment.