Nokea
What laboratory values are not typically elevated in a patient with PCOS?
- A. LH
- B. Androgens
- C. Estrogens
- D. Prolactin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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The products of conception are retained in which of the following?
- A. Complete abortions
- B. Incomplete abortions
- C. Threatened abortion
- D. Mixed abortion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In incomplete abortions, the products of conception are retained. In a complete abortion, all the products of conception are expelled from the uterus. Threatened abortion refers to a situation where there is vaginal bleeding but the cervix remains closed, and it does not necessarily involve retention of products of conception. Mixed abortion is not a recognized medical term related to retained products of conception.
Which of the following is used to differentiate abdominal mass from pelvic mass on clinical examination?
- A. Size
- B. Site
- C. Margins
- D. Lower border
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The lower border is used to differentiate between an abdominal mass and a pelvic mass during clinical examination. The lower border of the mass provides important information about its location and origin. The size (Choice A) alone may not always clearly distinguish between abdominal and pelvic masses. The site (Choice B) and margins (Choice C) are also important factors, but they are not as specific in differentiating between abdominal and pelvic masses as the lower border.
What is the inner lining of the non-pregnant uterus called?
- A. Decidua
- B. Myometrium
- C. Endometrium
- D. Sponge layer
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Endometrium. The endometrium is the inner lining of the non-pregnant uterus that undergoes cyclic changes in response to hormonal fluctuations during the menstrual cycle. Choice A, Decidua, is the specialized membrane formed during pregnancy. Choice B, Myometrium, refers to the middle layer of the uterine wall composed of smooth muscle. Choice D, Sponge layer, is not a term used to describe the inner lining of the uterus.
At 8-12 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes include:
- A. Prickling, tingling sensation.
- B. Nipples become prominent and mobile.
- C. Darkening of the nipple.
- D. Breast start producing milk
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: At 8-12 weeks of pregnancy, the breast changes typically include the onset of colostrum production, not just tenderness. Colostrum is the first milk produced by the mammary glands during pregnancy. While some women may experience prickling or tingling sensations, prominent and mobile nipples, and darkening of the nipple, the key change during this time period is the production of colostrum. This substance is rich in antibodies and important for the newborn's initial nutrition. Therefore, the correct answer is not listed among the choices provided.
What is required for privacy in reproductive health services?
- A. Covering windows and placing partitions between examination areas.
- B. Placing examination tables so that women will be exposed during exams.
- C. Allowing healthcare staff to discuss patients openly in the clinic.
- D. Forcing patients to undergo procedures without proper explanation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Privacy in reproductive health services necessitates maintaining confidentiality and creating a private environment for patients. This includes covering windows and using partitions between examination areas to protect the patient's privacy. Choice B is incorrect as it suggests exposing women during exams, which violates privacy. Choice C is incorrect because discussing patients openly breaches confidentiality. Choice D is incorrect as it goes against informed consent and proper communication, which are essential components of respecting patient autonomy and privacy.