Nokea
What makes bone resistant to shattering?
- A. The calcium salts deposited in the bone
- B. The collagen fibers
- C. The bone marrow and network of blood vessels
- D. The intricate balance of minerals and collagen fibers
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Bone is resistant to shattering due to the intricate balance of minerals and collagen fibers. The minerals provide strength to the bone, while the collagen fibers offer flexibility. This combination ensures that bone is a robust and resilient tissue. Choice A (The calcium salts deposited in the bone) is incorrect as calcium salts alone do not provide the necessary flexibility for bone to withstand shattering. Choice B (The collagen fibers) is partially correct as collagen fibers contribute to the flexibility of bone but alone are not sufficient for resistance to shattering. Choice C (The bone marrow and network of blood vessels) is incorrect as they do not directly contribute to the physical resistance of bone to shattering.
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In a closed system with a gas at constant volume, what will happen to the temperature if the pressure is increased?
- A. The temperature will stay the same
- B. The temperature will decrease
- C. The temperature will increase
- D. It cannot be determined with the information given
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a closed system with a gas at constant volume, according to Gay-Lussac's law, the temperature of a gas is directly proportional to its pressure. When the pressure is increased, the temperature of the gas will also increase. This relationship is a direct consequence of the ideal gas law, where pressure and temperature are directly proportional when volume is held constant. Therefore, as pressure increases in a closed system with constant volume, the temperature of the gas will increase. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The temperature will not stay the same (Choice A) or decrease (Choice B) when the pressure is increased in this scenario. The relationship between pressure and temperature in a closed system with constant volume allows for a definitive conclusion about the increase in temperature when pressure is increased, making Choice D, which suggests inability to determine, incorrect.
Which of the following best describes the statement 'This flower is dead; someone must have forgotten to water it'?
- A. A classification
- B. An observation
- C. An inference
- D. A collection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: An inference.' An inference is a conclusion reached based on evidence and reasoning. In this statement, the conclusion that someone must have forgotten to water the flower is drawn from the evidence that the flower is dead. Choice A, 'A classification,' is incorrect because the statement does not involve categorizing or grouping. Choice B, 'An observation,' is incorrect as the statement goes beyond just stating a fact and makes a conclusion. Choice D, 'A collection,' is unrelated to the process of drawing a conclusion based on the given evidence.
What is the final phase of mitosis?
- A. Prophase
- B. Telophase
- C. Anaphase
- D. Metaphase
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Telophase is indeed the final phase of mitosis. During telophase, the chromosomes have reached opposite poles of the cell, the nuclear envelope is re-forming around the separated sister chromatids, and cytokinesis may also occur, leading to the division of the cell into two daughter cells. Choice A, Prophase, is incorrect as it is the initial phase of mitosis where chromatin condenses into chromosomes. Choice C, Anaphase, is incorrect as it is the phase where sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles. Choice D, Metaphase, is incorrect as it is the phase where chromosomes align at the cell's equator before separating.
Which of the following structures acts like a funnel by delivering urine from the millions of collecting tubules to the ureters?
- A. The renal pelvis
- B. The renal cortex
- C. The renal medulla
- D. Bowman's capsule
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: The renal pelvis. The renal pelvis serves as a reservoir for urine collected from the kidney's numerous collecting tubules, funneling it into the ureters for transport to the bladder. The renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney involved in filtration, while the renal medulla is the inner region responsible for concentrating urine. Bowman's capsule is part of the nephron and is involved in the initial filtration of blood in the kidney, not in funneling urine to the ureters.
Which of the following best defines the term amphoteric?
- A. A substance that conducts electricity due to ionization when dissolved in a solvent
- B. A substance that can act as an acid or a base depending on the properties of the solute
- C. A substance that, according to the Br¸nsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory, is a proton-donor
- D. A substance that donates its proton and forms its conjugate base in a neutralization reaction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An amphoteric substance can act as both an acid or a base depending on the environment. It can donate a proton (act as an acid) or accept a proton (act as a base), showing versatility in its behavior. Choice A is incorrect as it describes an electrolyte rather than an amphoteric substance. Choice C is incorrect as it defines an acid based on the Br¸nsted-Lowry Acid-Base Theory. Choice D is incorrect as it specifically refers to a substance donating a proton in a neutralization reaction, not capturing the dual behavior of an amphoteric substance.