Nokea
What must any solution injected into tissues be to prevent cells from shrinking or swelling?
- A. Distilled.
- B. Hypertonic.
- C. Hypotonic.
- D. Isotonic.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Isotonic. An isotonic solution has the same concentration of solutes as the cells in the tissues, preventing them from shrinking or swelling. If a solution is hypertonic (choice B), it has a higher solute concentration and would cause cells to shrink due to water leaving the cells. A hypotonic solution (choice C) has a lower solute concentration and would cause cells to swell as water enters the cells. Distilled water (choice A) lacks solutes and would cause cells to swell. Overall, an isotonic solution maintains cell volume and prevents any osmotic imbalances.
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Which aspect of a biological system explains why a protein's unique shape determines what it does?
- A. Patterns of Inheritance.
- B. Taxonomy.
- C. Structure and function.
- D. Scientific method.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
C is correct because structure and function are closely related in biology. A protein's unique shape determines its function due to the specific arrangement of amino acids, influencing its interactions with other molecules. A and B are irrelevant to the relationship between a protein's shape and its function. The scientific method is a process for conducting experiments, not directly related to the physical properties of proteins.
The structure of a bacteria is circular. Which bacteria fits this criteria?
- A. Mycobacterium.
- B. Actinomyces.
- C. Clostridium.
- D. Neisseria.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. The correct answer is C: Clostridium.
2. Clostridium is a type of bacteria that has a circular structure known as a plasmid.
3. Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria.
4. Mycobacterium (A) has a rod-shaped structure with a linear chromosome.
5. Actinomyces (B) has a filamentous structure, not circular.
6. Neisseria (D) has a diplococci shape, not circular.
In summary, Clostridium fits the criteria of having a circular structure due to its plasmid, making it the correct choice.
In binomial nomenclature, what is the second part of an organismÄ€™s scientific name?
- A. species
- B. phylum
- C. population
- D. kingdom
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In binomial nomenclature, the scientific name of an organism consists of two parts: the genus name (first part) and the species name (second part). The second part, 'species,' helps differentiate between different organisms within the same genus. This specific naming system is critical for accurate identification and classification of organisms. Hence, the correct answer is 'species.'
Which genetic descriptor refers to an organism's actual appearance?
- A. Phenotype
- B. Genotype
- C. Homozygote
- D. Karyotype
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, including physical appearance, behavior, and physiological properties. It is influenced by the organism's genotype and environmental factors. Genotype, on the other hand, represents the genetic makeup of an organism, while homozygote refers to an individual having two identical alleles for a particular gene. Karyotype, on the other hand, refers to the complete set of chromosomes in an individual.
Why is DNA crucial for the metabolic activities of the cell?
- A. It initiates cellular mitosis.
- B. It provides cell wall stability.
- C. It increases glucose absorption.
- D. It controls the synthesis of enzymes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: DNA is crucial for the metabolic activities of the cell because it contains the genetic information necessary to regulate the synthesis of enzymes. Enzymes are essential for catalyzing biochemical reactions involved in metabolic processes within the cell. DNA controls the production of enzymes, which are vital for driving various metabolic pathways. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as DNA's role in controlling enzyme synthesis is fundamental for the cell's metabolic activities.