Nokea
What organ does the ductus venosus shunt blood away from in fetal circulation?
- A. Liver
- B. Heart
- C. Lungs
- D. Kidneys
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fetal blood bypasses the liver through the ductus venosus by carrying blood directly to the inferior vena cava.
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A pregnant patient has received the results of her triple-screen testing and it is positive. What would the nurse anticipate as the next step in the patient’s plan of care?
- A. No further testing is indicated at this time because results are normal.
- B. Refer to the physician for additional testing.
- C. Validate the results with the lab facility.
- D. Repeat the test in 2 weeks and have the patient return for her regularly scheduled prenatal visit.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A positive triple-screen test suggests an increased risk of genetic abnormalities, requiring additional diagnostic testing.
A pregnant patient at 28 weeks gestation expresses concern about her baby's movements. Which of the following should the nurse recommend?
- A. Count fetal movements and report a decrease of more than 10 movements per day.
- B. Wait until after 32 weeks to worry about fetal movement.
- C. Do not count fetal movements and only report if you notice pain.
- D. Always lie down and count fetal movements after meals.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Count fetal movements and report a decrease of more than 10 movements per day. This recommendation is evidence-based and aligns with guidelines for monitoring fetal well-being. Counting fetal movements helps assess fetal health, and a decrease in movements could indicate potential issues like fetal distress. Reporting a decrease of more than 10 movements per day ensures timely intervention if needed.
Choice B is incorrect because waiting until after 32 weeks could delay necessary intervention if there are concerns about fetal movements. Choice C is incorrect as it dismisses the importance of monitoring fetal movements altogether. Choice D is incorrect as there is no requirement to always lie down or restrict monitoring to only after meals, which could lead to missed opportunities for detecting potential problems.
A pregnant woman states, “My husband hopes I will give him a boy because we have three girls.” What will the nurse explain to this woman?
- A. The sex chromosome of the fertilized ovum determines the gender of the child.
- B. When the sperm and ovum are united, there is a 75% chance the child will be a girl.
- C. When the pH of the female reproductive tract is acidic, the child will be a girl.
- D. If a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes an ovum, then a boy is produced.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When a Y-bearing sperm fertilizes an ovum, a male child is produced.
What are late FHR decelerations caused by?
- A. Altered cerebral blood flow
- B. Umbilical cord compression
- C. Uteroplacental insufficiency
- D. Meconium fluid
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Uteroplacental insufficiency. Late FHR decelerations are caused by decreased blood flow and oxygen delivery to the fetus due to impaired uteroplacental circulation. This can result from conditions like placental abruption or placental insufficiency. Altered cerebral blood flow (A) is more related to early decelerations. Umbilical cord compression (B) typically causes variable decelerations. Meconium fluid (D) can lead to fetal distress but is not the primary cause of late decelerations.
The nurse is caring for a 23-year-old patient who arrives at the clinic for a pregnancy test. The test confirms the patient is pregnant. The patient states, 'I do not need to stop smoking my electronic cigarette because it will not harm my baby.' Which is the best response by the nurse?
- A. You are correct. Electronic cigarettes are not harmful during pregnancy.
- B. Tobacco products, including electronic cigarettes, should not be used during pregnancy due to risking nicotine toxicity.
- C. According to the FDA, although electronic cigarettes are safe for you, they can cause harm to the fetus during pregnancy.
- D. Electronic cigarettes are considered harmful only in the first trimester.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tobacco products, including electronic cigarettes, should not be used during pregnancy due to risking nicotine toxicity.
Rationale:
1. Nicotine from electronic cigarettes can cross the placenta, affecting fetal development.
2. Nicotine exposure during pregnancy is associated with adverse outcomes like low birth weight and preterm birth.
3. The best practice during pregnancy is to avoid all tobacco products, including electronic cigarettes.
Summary:
A: Incorrect. Electronic cigarettes can harm the fetus due to nicotine exposure.
C: Incorrect. FDA does not consider electronic cigarettes safe during pregnancy.
D: Incorrect. Harm from electronic cigarettes is not limited to the first trimester.