Nokea
What other congenital defects are common in children with Down syndrome?
- A. Hypospadias
- B. Pyloric stenosis
- C. Heart defects
- D. Hip dysplasia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Many children with Down syndrome have congenital heart defects.
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When caring for a 7-week-old infant with hypothyroidism, the nurse explains that the prevention of what complication is dependent on the administration of oral thyroid replacement therapy and is critical for the child?
- A. Excessive growth
- B. Cognitive impairment
- C. Damage to the nervous system
- D. Damage to the urinary system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The treatment of choice for congenital and acquired hypothyroidism is oral thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Prompt treatment is especially critical in the infant with congenital hypothyroidism to avoid permanent cognitive impairment.
Which is a causative factor of Hirschsprung disease?
- A. Frequent evacuation of solids, liquid, and gases
- B. Excessive peristaltic movement
- C. The absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a portion of the colon
- D. One portion of the bowel telescoping into another
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The causative factor in Hirschsprung disease is the absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a portion of the colon.
An adolescent female asks the nurse about taking retinoic acid (Accutane). What guidance should be provided by the nurse?
- A. The medication should be used only for 10 weeks.
- B. The medication requires that sexually active females use contraception.
- C. The medication lowers hemoglobin very quickly.
- D. The medication has few side effects.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Accutane has many side effects and can produce birth defects. Effective contraception is necessary during treatment and for 1 month after the 20 weeks it is to be taken.
When interacting with the parents of a SIDS infant, the nurse should attempt to assist the parents with:
- A. encouraging the parents to have another baby.
- B. encouraging the parents to remain stoic.
- C. allaying feelings of guilt and blame.
- D. learning how the event could have been prevented.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: As parents try to cope, they have feelings of guilt and blame.
What is the most common clinical manifestation of coarctation of the aorta?
- A. Clubbing of the digits
- B. Upper extremity hypertension
- C. Pedal edema and portal congestion
- D. Loud systolic ejection murmur
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Coarctation of the aorta results in hypertension in the upper extremities. The pressure in the arms is typically 20 mm Hg higher than in the legs.