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What percentage of the parents' offspring is predicted to have a cleft chin if one parent carries the recessive gene for a cleft chin (c) while the other parent does not?

  • A. 25%
  • B. 50%
  • C. 0%
  • D. 75%
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C (0%). If one parent carries the recessive gene for a cleft chin while the other parent does not carry it, none of their offspring is predicted to have a cleft chin. This is because the cleft chin trait is recessive, so for an offspring to express this trait, they would need to inherit the gene from both parents. In this scenario, none of the offspring will inherit the recessive gene from both parents, so the percentage of offspring predicted to have a cleft chin is 0%. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because in this situation, the offspring will not express the cleft chin phenotype, although they could be carriers of the recessive gene.

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Water is a polar molecule that can be:

  • A. cohesive and corrosive
  • B. cohesive and adhesive
  • C. electrostatic and ionic
  • D. repellent and attractive
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Water is a polar molecule due to an uneven distribution of electrons, allowing it to form hydrogen bonds. This property makes water both cohesive (attracted to itself) and adhesive (attracted to other substances). Choice A is incorrect because water is not corrosive; rather, it is a solvent. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not describe the cohesive and adhesive properties of water.

What do prokaryotic cells lack in comparison to eukaryotic cells?

  • A. A defined nucleus and a series of membrane-bound organelles
  • B. A defined nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles
  • C. No defined nucleus and a series of membrane-bound organelles
  • D. No defined nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the absence of a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Choice A is incorrect because prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles. Choice B is incorrect because prokaryotic cells lack both a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Choice C is incorrect as prokaryotic cells have no defined nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?

  • A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
  • B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
  • C. Golgi apparatus
  • D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the correct organelle responsible for the synthesis of lipids, including phospholipids, cholesterol, and steroid hormones. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is primarily involved in protein synthesis and processing, making choice A incorrect. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transportation, so it is not directly involved in lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, making choice C incorrect. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and are not involved in lipid or steroid hormone synthesis, making choice D incorrect.

What is the science of biological classification commonly called?

  • A. Taxonomy
  • B. Physiology
  • C. Botany
  • D. Zoology
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Taxonomy is the science of naming, defining, and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics. Physiology (choice B) is the study of the functions and processes of living organisms, not classification. Botany (choice C) is the study of plants, while Zoology (choice D) is the study of animals. Therefore, the correct answer is Taxonomy (choice A).

Which of the following is not true of mitosis?

  • A. Mitosis produces daughter cells
  • B. Mitosis has five main stages
  • C. Mitosis can only be done by haploids
  • D. Following mitosis, daughter cells are identical to parent cells
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Mitosis occurs in diploid cells and involves stages that result in the production of two identical daughter cells. Haploids do not undergo mitosis, as mitosis is a process specific to diploid cells. Choice A is true as mitosis does produce daughter cells. Choice B is incorrect as mitosis typically consists of four main stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Choice D is true, as one of the main outcomes of mitosis is the production of daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

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