Nokea
What positive outcome of providing the patient with information should the nurse expect?
- A. Increased concentration
- B. Decreased depression levels
- C. Sharing of personal details
- D. Building interdependent relationships
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Giving patients information also reduces the emotional response so that they can concentrate and solve problems more effectively. Educating the patient does not decrease depression levels or build interpersonal relationships. Educating the patient does not mean sharing of personal details.
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Which of the following is an immediate physiologic response to stress the nurse would expect this patient to experience?
- A. Vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels
- B. Increased blood pressure
- C. Decrease in blood glucose levels
- D. Pupil constriction
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An initial response to stress, as seen by the fight-or-flight response, is an increase in the patients heart rate and blood pressure. Vasoconstriction leads to the increase in blood pressure. Blood glucose levels increase, supplying more readily available energy, and pupils dilate.
What can the triage nurse teach the mother?
- A. The pain, redness, and swelling are part of the inflammatory process, but it is probably too early for an infection.
- B. Bee stings frequently cause infection, pain, and swelling, and, with treatment, the infection should begin to subside late today.
- C. The infection was probably caused by the stinger, which may still be in the wound.
- D. The mothers assessment is accurate and the ED doctor will probably prescribe antibiotics to fix the problem.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cells or tissues of the body may be injured or killed by any agent (physical, chemical, infectious). When this happens, an inflammatory response (or inflammation) naturally occurs in the healthy tissues adjacent to the injury site. Inflammation is not the same as infection. An infectious agent is only one of several agents that may trigger an inflammatory response. Although bee stings may cause infection, the signs and symptoms (very painful, looks swollen and red) result from the acute inflammatory response. If the stinger were still in the wound, it would only be creating inflammation, not infection. Antibiotics are not indicated.
Which of the following constitute negative feedback loops? Select all that apply.
- A. Serum glucose levels
- B. Acid-base balance
- C. Temperature
- D. Blood clotting
- E. Labor onset
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: These mechanisms work by sensing deviations from a predetermined set point or range of adaptability and triggering a response aimed at offsetting the deviation. Blood pressure, acid-base balance, blood glucose level, body temperature, and fluid and electrolyte balance are examples of functions regulated through such compensatory mechanisms. Coagulation and labor onset are results of positive feedback loops.
What would occur during adulthood in the GAS?
- A. Stressful events occur and resistance or adaption occurs.
- B. Successful avoidance of stressful life events leaves the body vulnerable.
- C. The accumulation of lifes stressors causes resistance to fall.
- D. Vulnerability leads to eventual death.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Selye compared the general adaptation syndrome with the life process. During childhood, too few encounters with stress occur to promote the development of adaptive functioning, and children are vulnerable. During adulthood, a number of stressful events occur, and people develop resistance or adaptation. During the later years, the accumulation of lifes stressors and wear and tear on the organism again decrease peoples ability to adapt, so resistance falls, and, eventually, death occurs.
You should be aware that the oxygen demands of the patients body would change in which direction and why?
- A. Increase due to an increase in metabolism
- B. Decrease due to a decrease in metabolism
- C. Increase due to a decrease in metabolism
- D. Decrease due to an increase in metabolism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a persons temperature is elevated, hypermetabolism occurs, and the respiratory rate, heart rate, and basal metabolic rate increase. The other options are incorrect because oxygen demands would not decrease and they would not increase due to a decrease in metabolism.