Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf

Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam Questions Pdf related questions and content

What procedure involves inserting a needle into the pleural space to remove excess fluid and help the patient breathe more easily?

  • A. Thoracentesis
  • B. Bronchoscopy
  • C. Spirometry
  • D. Arterial blood gas (ABG)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Thoracentesis. This procedure involves inserting a needle into the pleural space to drain excess fluid, which can accumulate due to conditions like pleural effusion or pneumonia, helping the patient breathe easier. It's performed under ultrasound guidance, ensuring precise fluid removal without damaging nearby structures. Thoracentesis is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, providing fluid for analysis and relieving symptoms of dyspnea.

Summary:
B: Bronchoscopy is a procedure to visualize the airways using a thin, flexible tube and is not used for draining pleural fluid.
C: Spirometry is a lung function test measuring airflow and is not a procedure for removing pleural fluid.
D: Arterial blood gas (ABG) is a blood test to assess oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood and is not related to removing pleural fluid.

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What is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, often associated with infections or malignancies?

  • A. Pleural effusion
  • B. Pneumothorax
  • C. Pulmonary edema
  • D. Atelectasis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pleural effusion. Pleural effusion is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, commonly caused by infections or malignancies. This condition leads to symptoms like chest pain and difficulty breathing. Pneumothorax (B) is the presence of air in the pleural space, not fluid. Pulmonary edema (C) is the accumulation of fluid in the lungs' air sacs, not the pleural space. Atelectasis (D) is the collapse of a lung or part of a lung, not fluid accumulation in the pleural space.

When administering an ACE inhibitor to a client with heart failure, what is the expected outcome of this medication?

  • A. Decreased blood pressure
  • B. Increased heart rate
  • C. Increased cardiac output
  • D. Decreased heart rate
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased cardiac output. ACE inhibitors work by dilating blood vessels and reducing the workload on the heart. This leads to improved cardiac output, as the heart can pump more efficiently. Decreased blood pressure (choice A) is a common side effect due to vasodilation. Increased heart rate (choice B) and decreased heart rate (choice D) are not expected outcomes of ACE inhibitor use. Therefore, the most appropriate and expected outcome of administering an ACE inhibitor in heart failure is an increase in cardiac output, making choice C the correct answer.

This medication type is used to relax and widen blood vessels, improving blood flow and reducing blood pressure.

  • A. Vasodilator
  • B. Anticoagulant
  • C. Diuretic
  • D. Beta-blocker
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vasodilator. Vasodilators relax and widen blood vessels, leading to improved blood flow and decreased blood pressure. They work directly on the muscles in the walls of blood vessels. Anticoagulants (B) prevent blood clot formation, diuretics (C) increase urine production to reduce fluid buildup, and beta-blockers (D) reduce heart rate and blood pressure by blocking the effects of adrenaline. Therefore, only vasodilators directly target blood vessel relaxation and widening to improve blood flow and reduce blood pressure.

What is a device that delivers a fine spray of medication into the airways?

  • A. Nebulizer
  • B. Inhaler
  • C. Oxygen concentrator
  • D. Peak flow meter
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Nebulizer. A nebulizer is a device that delivers medication in the form of a fine spray into the airways, making it easier for the patient to inhale the medication and reach the lungs. It is commonly used for treating respiratory conditions such as asthma and COPD. Inhalers (B) deliver medication in a different format, through a measured dose of medication in aerosol form. Oxygen concentrators (C) provide supplemental oxygen and do not deliver medication. Peak flow meters (D) are used to measure the peak expiratory flow rate and are not used to deliver medication.

Which disease is characterized by the damage to the alveoli in the lungs, leading to breathlessness?

  • A. Emphysema
  • B. Pulmonary fibrosis
  • C. Lung cancer
  • D. Lung abscess
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emphysema. This disease is characterized by the destruction of alveoli, leading to breathlessness. Emphysema is typically caused by smoking, resulting in the breakdown of lung tissue and reduced oxygen exchange. Pulmonary fibrosis (B) involves scarring of lung tissue, not alveolar damage. Lung cancer (C) is characterized by the growth of abnormal cells in the lung, not alveolar destruction. Lung abscess (D) is a localized infection in the lung, not related to alveolar damage causing breathlessness.

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