Nokea
What protects the blood vessels in a healthy umbilical cord?
- A. None
- B. Wharton's jelly.
- C. None
- D. None
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wharton's jelly provides structural support and protection.
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What is the purpose of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in the first trimester?
- A. to measure the amount of amniotic fluid
- B. to confirm pregnancy
- C. to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus
- D. to assess for potential maternal infection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale: CVS is done in the first trimester to assess the risk of chromosomal abnormalities in the fetus by obtaining a sample of cells from the placenta. This allows for genetic testing to detect conditions such as Down syndrome. Other choices are incorrect as CVS is not used to measure amniotic fluid quantity (A), confirm pregnancy (B), or assess maternal infection (D).
The measurement of lecithin in relation to sphingomyelin (L/S ratio) is used to determine fetal lung maturity. Which ratio reflects maturity of the lungs?
- A. 1.4:1
- B. 1.8:1
- C. 2:01
- D. 1:01
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A ratio of 2:1 indicates lung maturity.
What initiates the shedding of the endometrial lining in a nonpregnant woman?
- A. None
- B. A drop in estrogen and progesterone.
- C. None
- D. None
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Decreased levels of these hormones cause menstruation.
What hormone is secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation?
- A. prolactin
- B. progesterone
- C. luteinizing hormone
- D. follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: progesterone. After ovulation, the ruptured follicle transforms into the corpus luteum, which secretes progesterone. Progesterone plays a crucial role in preparing the uterus for implantation and maintaining pregnancy. Prolactin (A) is a hormone mainly involved in milk production. Luteinizing hormone (C) triggers ovulation and the release of the egg from the ovary. Follicle-stimulating hormone (D) is responsible for stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles. The key is understanding the physiological processes post-ovulation and the role of progesterone in these processes.
With regard to chromosome abnormalities, nurses should be aware that:
- A. They occur in approximately 10% of newborns.
- B. Abnormalities of number are the leading cause of pregnancy loss.
- C. Down syndrome is a result of an abnormal chromosome structure.
- D. Unbalanced translocation results in a mild abnormality that the child will outgrow.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aneuploidy is an abnormality of number that also is the leading genetic cause of mental retardation.