Nokea
What recommendation should the nurse make to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs) in young girls?
- A. Avoid public toilet facilities
- B. Limit long baths as much as possible
- C. Cleanse the perineum with water after voiding
- D. Ensure clear liquid intake of 2 L/day
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Proper perineal hygiene, including cleansing with water after voiding, is crucial in preventing UTIs in young girls. Avoiding public toilets and limiting baths are less effective than proper hygiene practices.
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What is the most effective method to prevent infection in the newborn?
- A. Using disposable items
- B. Practicing proper hand hygiene by staff and family
- C. Administering prophylactic antibiotics
- D. Isolating the newborn from others
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The most effective method to prevent infection in newborns is by practicing proper hand hygiene by staff and family. This is crucial as it helps reduce the transmission of infectious agents, protecting vulnerable newborns. Using disposable items may help, but proper hand hygiene is more effective. Administering prophylactic antibiotics without a specific indication can lead to antibiotic resistance and is not recommended. Isolating the newborn from others is not practical and may not be necessary if proper hand hygiene is maintained.
The nurse notes that a child has lost 3.6 kg (8 lb) after 4 days of hospitalization for acute glomerulonephritis. What is the most likely cause of this weight loss?
- A. Poor appetite
- B. Reduction of edema
- C. Restriction to bed rest
- D. Increased potassium intake
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The weight loss is most likely due to the reduction of edema, as glomerulonephritis often causes fluid retention that resolves with treatment, leading to significant weight loss.
The nurse is caring for a child with Beta Thalassemia. Which child is in a group most at risk for Beta Thalassemia?
- A. A three-year-old girl of Mediterranean descent.
- B. A ten-year-old boy of Hispanic descent.
- C. A young girl of African descent.
- D. A baby of European descent.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: Beta Thalassemia is most common in individuals of Mediterranean descent, such as those from Italy, Greece, and the Middle East. This genetic disorder affects hemoglobin production and can lead to severe anemia. Choice A is the correct answer as individuals of Mediterranean descent are at the highest risk for Beta Thalassemia. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not belong to the population group most at risk for this genetic disorder.
The nurse is planning an educational session with a group of school-age children. Which primary task from Erikson's theory of psychosocial development should be addressed?
- A. Establishing trust in others
- B. Developing a sense of autonomy
- C. Developing a sense of industry
- D. Establishing a sense of identity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, school-age children typically focus on developing a sense of industry. This stage, occurring during middle childhood, involves the desire to feel competent and productive in their skills and abilities. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because establishing trust in others (A) is related to the first stage of Erikson's theory (trust vs. mistrust) which occurs in infancy, developing a sense of autonomy (B) is linked to the second stage (autonomy vs. shame and doubt) which occurs in early childhood, and establishing a sense of identity (D) is associated with the fifth stage (identity vs. role confusion) which occurs in adolescence.
What name is given to inflammation of the bladder?
- A. Cystitis
- B. Urethritis
- C. Urosepsis
- D. Bacteriuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cystitis is the medical term for inflammation of the bladder. Urethritis refers to inflammation of the urethra, urosepsis to a systemic infection stemming from the urinary tract, and bacteriuria to the presence of bacteria in the urine.