Pediatric HESI 2024

Pediatric HESI 2024 Related

Review Pediatric HESI 2024 related questions and content

What should be included in the teaching plan for parents of an infant diagnosed with phenylketonuria (PKU)?

  • A. Mental retardation occurs if PKU is untreated.
  • B. Testing for PKU is done immediately after birth.
  • C. Treatment for PKU includes lifelong dietary management.
  • D. PKU is transmitted by an autosomal recessive gene.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Mental retardation occurs if PKU is untreated.' Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder that, if left untreated with dietary management, can lead to severe mental retardation due to the accumulation of phenylalanine. It is crucial for parents to understand the potential consequences of untreated PKU to emphasize the importance of early and consistent treatment. Choice B is incorrect because testing for PKU is typically done through newborn screening shortly after birth, not immediately. Choice C is incorrect as treatment for PKU primarily involves strict dietary management that restricts phenylalanine intake, not lifelong medications. Choice D is incorrect as PKU is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern, meaning that both parents must pass on a mutated gene for the disorder to manifest.

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A 3-year-old child with a diagnosis of acute otitis media is being discharged. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?

  • A. Encourage the child to drink plenty of fluids
  • B. Encourage the child to eat a balanced diet
  • C. Administer pain medication as needed
  • D. Apply warm compresses to the affected ear
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to encourage the child to drink plenty of fluids. Encouraging adequate fluid intake helps to relieve symptoms and prevent dehydration in children with acute otitis media. A balanced diet (choice B) is important for overall health but is not specifically related to managing otitis media. While pain medication (choice C) may be prescribed, it should not be administered without medical advice. Applying warm compresses (choice D) is not typically recommended for acute otitis media as it can potentially worsen the condition by promoting bacterial growth.

A parent asks the nurse what to do when their toddler has temper tantrums. What play materials should the nurse suggest to offer the child as another way of expressing anger?

  • A. Ball and bat
  • B. Wad of clay
  • C. Punching bag
  • D. Pegs and pounding board
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Pegs and pounding boards are the most suitable choice for toddlers to express their emotions constructively. These materials provide a safe and acceptable way for toddlers to release anger and frustration through physical activity. Options A, B, and C may not be as effective or safe for toddlers dealing with temper tantrums. A ball and bat may encourage aggressive behavior rather than constructive expression. A wad of clay might not be ideal for channeling anger, and a punching bag can potentially promote violent behavior, which is not appropriate for toddlers.

An infant is diagnosed with Hirschsprung disease. What nursing intervention is essential before surgery?

  • A. Administering antibiotics
  • B. Ensuring bowel rest
  • C. Performing regular enemas
  • D. Maintaining NPO status
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct nursing intervention essential before surgery for an infant with Hirschsprung disease is maintaining NPO (nothing by mouth) status. This is important to prevent aspiration during and after the surgical procedure. Administering antibiotics (Choice A) may be necessary in some cases but is not the priority intervention before surgery. Ensuring bowel rest (Choice B) is not directly related to preparing for surgery and may not be the most critical intervention. Performing regular enemas (Choice C) is not recommended before surgery for Hirschsprung disease as it can aggravate the condition.

The nurse is caring for an infant with candidal diaper rash. Which topical agent would the nurse expect the healthcare provider to order?

  • A. Corticosteroids.
  • B. Antifungals.
  • C. Antibiotics.
  • D. Retinoids.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Antifungals. Candidal diaper rash is caused by a yeast infection and is best treated with antifungal agents. Corticosteroids (choice A) may worsen fungal infections by suppressing the immune response. Antibiotics (choice C) are used to treat bacterial infections, not fungal infections like candidal diaper rash. Retinoids (choice D) are not typically used to treat candidal diaper rash in infants; they are more commonly used for dermatological conditions like acne.

A healthcare professional is assessing a child with suspected bacterial meningitis. What is a common clinical manifestation that the healthcare professional is likely to observe?

  • A. Rash
  • B. Photophobia
  • C. Jaundice
  • D. Kernig sign
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A common clinical manifestation of bacterial meningitis is a positive Kernig sign, indicating irritation of the meninges. Rash (Choice A) is not typically associated with bacterial meningitis. Photophobia (Choice B) can be present but is more commonly seen in viral meningitis. Jaundice (Choice C) is not a typical clinical manifestation of meningitis and is more indicative of liver dysfunction.

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