Nokea
What should be included in the teaching plan to young adults about the spread of AIDS?
- A. Heterosexual transmission of HIV is on the rise
- B. The increase of HIV in children is primarily attributed to the rise in sexual abuse
- C. Herpes zoster is a form of the HIV virus
- D. Transmission of HIV by IV drug users is prominent even when sterile equipment is used
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: It is crucial to include in the teaching plan to young adults that heterosexual transmission of HIV is on the rise. This information is important as many young adults may not be aware of the risks associated with heterosexual transmission of HIV, leading to a false sense of security. By educating them about this fact, young adults can be more informed about how HIV spreads and take necessary precautions to protect themselves and others. Providing accurate information about the modes of HIV transmission will help prevent the further spread of the virus among young adults.
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Which laboratory results (besides hematuria) are most consistent with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)?
- A. Massive proteinuria, elevated BUN and creatinine.
- B. Mild proteinuria, decreased BUN and creatinine.
- C. Mild proteinuria, increased BUN and creatinine.
- D. Massive proteinuria, decreased BUN and creatinine.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: HUS typically presents with mild proteinuria along with increased BUN and creatinine, reflecting impaired renal function.
What is the earliest age at which a satisfactory radial pulse can be taken in children?
- A. 1 year
- B. 2 years
- C. 3 years
- D. 6 years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A satisfactory radial pulse can be taken in children as young as 1 year old. The radial pulse is commonly checked in the wrist and is a valuable indicator of cardiac function. Children as young as 1 year old can have a palpable radial pulse, allowing healthcare providers to assess their heart rate and rhythm. It is important to be gentle when palpating a pulse in young children to avoid causing discomfort or distress.
The nurse has determined the rate of both the child's radial pulse and heart. What is the normal finding when comparing the two rates?
- A. Are the same
- B. Differ, with heart rate faster
- C. Differ, with radial pulse faster
- D. Differ, depending on quality and intensity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a normal healthy individual, the rate of the radial pulse (peripheral pulse) and the heart rate (apical pulse) should be the same. This is because each heartbeat should result in a corresponding pulse felt at the radial artery in the wrist. The pulse is generated by the heart's contraction and the subsequent ejection of blood into the arteries, causing a wave of pressure that can be felt as the pulse. Therefore, in a healthy individual, the radial pulse rate should match the heart rate. If there is a significant difference between the two rates, it may indicate a cardiovascular abnormality or other underlying health condition that warrants further investigation.
Although infants may be allergic to a variety of foods, the most common allergens are:
- A. fruit and eggs.
- B. fruit, vegetables, and wheat.
- C. cow's milk and green vegetables.
- D. eggs, cow's milk, and wheat.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most common allergens in infants are eggs, cow's milk, and wheat. These three items are among the top allergens that can trigger allergic reactions in infants. It is important for parents to be aware of these common allergens to help prevent potential allergic reactions in their infants.
HIV antibody testing procedures using a finger stick or venipuncture to obtain whole blood, plasma, or serum, and tests using oral fluid were approved. All the following regarding this test are true EXCEPT
- A. they are simple and accurate as to render the likelihood of an erroneous result by the user negligible
- B. a positive result does not need confirmation by Western blot analysis or immunofluorescence assay
- C. they allow women who have not been tested or are unaware of their HIV status to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of antiretroviral therapy implementation
- D. they significantly reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A positive result from rapid HIV tests still requires confirmation with more specific tests like Western blot or immunofluorescence assay.