Nokea
What should be included in the teaching plan to young adults about the spread of AIDS?
- A. Heterosexual transmission of HIV is on the rise
- B. The increase of HIV in children is primarily attributed to the rise in sexual abuse
- C. Herpes zoster is a form of the HIV virus
- D. Transmission of HIV by IV drug users is prominent even when sterile equipment is used
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because educating young adults about the rise in heterosexual transmission of HIV is crucial to prevent the spread of AIDS. This information helps them understand the importance of safe sex practices and awareness of risks. Choice B is incorrect as HIV transmission in children is not primarily due to sexual abuse. Choice C is also incorrect as herpes zoster is not a form of the HIV virus. Choice D is incorrect as transmission by IV drug users is not prominent with sterile equipment use. Focusing on the rise in heterosexual transmission is key in teaching young adults about AIDS prevention.
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When the nurse is reviewing a patient’s daily laboratory test results, which of the ff. electrolyte imbalances should the nurse recognize as predisposing the patient to digoxin toxicity?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hyponatremia
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Hypernatremia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Digoxin toxicity can be potentiated by hypokalemia due to the risk of enhanced cardiac toxicity.
2. Hypokalemia can lead to increased sensitivity of cardiac cells to digoxin.
3. Low potassium levels can disrupt the sodium-potassium ATPase pump, enhancing digoxin's effects.
4. The nurse should recognize hypokalemia as a predisposing factor for digoxin toxicity.
Summary:
A: Hypokalemia is the correct answer as it enhances digoxin toxicity by affecting cardiac function.
B: Hyponatremia does not directly predispose to digoxin toxicity.
C: Hyperkalemia is not a predisposing factor and can actually counteract digoxin's effects.
D: Hypernatremia is not directly related to digoxin toxicity.
A client with diabetes mellitus has a prescription for 5 U-100 regular insulin and 25 U of U-100 isophane insulin suspension (NPH) to be taken before breakfast. At about 4:30 p.m., the client experiences headache, sweating, tremor, pallor, and nervousness. What is the most probable cause of these signs and symptoms?
- A. Hyperglycemia
- B. Hyperuricemia
- C. Hypoglycemia
- D. Hypochondria
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypoglycemia. At 4:30 p.m., after taking the morning insulin, the client's blood sugar may have dropped too low, leading to symptoms like headache, sweating, tremor, pallor, and nervousness. Regular insulin and NPH insulin peak at different times, causing a potential mismatch in insulin action, leading to hypoglycemia. Hyperglycemia (A) would present with different symptoms like increased thirst and urination. Hyperuricemia (B) is an excess of uric acid in the blood and does not typically present with these symptoms. Hypochondria (D) is a psychological condition and not related to the client's physical symptoms.
The nurse is interviewing a client about his past medical history. Which preexisting condition may lead the nurse to suspect that a client has colorectal cancer?
- A. Duodenal ulcer
- B. Weight gain
- C. Hemorrhoids
- D. Polyps
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Polyps. Polyps in the colon are precancerous growths that can develop into colorectal cancer over time. Identifying polyps during a medical history interview can raise suspicion for colorectal cancer due to their potential to progress into malignancy. Duodenal ulcer (A) is not directly related to colorectal cancer. Weight gain (B) is a non-specific symptom and does not specifically indicate colorectal cancer. Hemorrhoids (C) are common and usually benign, not directly linked to colorectal cancer.
A nurse is formulating a diagnosis for a client who is reliving a brutal mugging that took place several months ago. The client is crying uncontrollably and states that he 'can’t live with this fear.' Which of the following diagnoses for this client is correctly written?
- A. Post-trauma syndrome related to being attacked
- B. Psychological overreaction related to being attacked
- C. Needs assistance coping with attack
- D. Mental distress related to being attacked
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Post-trauma syndrome related to being attacked. This diagnosis accurately reflects the client's symptoms of reliving the traumatic event, crying uncontrollably, and expressing fear. "Post-trauma syndrome" encompasses the psychological and emotional distress following a traumatic event.
Choice B: Psychological overreaction simplifies the client's experience and does not capture the severity or ongoing nature of the trauma symptoms.
Choice C: Needs assistance coping with attack is vague and does not provide a specific diagnosis or acknowledge the clinical presentation of the client.
Choice D: Mental distress related to being attacked is too broad and does not specify the specific syndrome or symptoms experienced by the client.
When caring for a client, whose being treated for hyperthyroidism, it’s important to:
- A. Provide extra blankets and clothing to keep the client warm.
- B. Monitor the client for signs of restlessness, sweating and excessive weight loss during thyroid replacement therapy.
- C. Balance the client’s periods of activity and rest.
- D. Encourage the client to be active to prevent constipation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Monitoring for signs of restlessness, sweating, and excessive weight loss during thyroid replacement therapy is essential in managing hyperthyroidism. Restlessness can indicate increased metabolic rate, sweating can be due to excessive heat production, and weight loss can be a sign of overactive thyroid function. Providing extra blankets (Choice A) may worsen symptoms of heat intolerance. Balancing activity and rest (Choice C) is important, but not specific to hyperthyroidism. Encouraging activity to prevent constipation (Choice D) is not directly related to managing hyperthyroidism.