Nokea
What should the client at risk for developing AIDS be advised to do?
- A. Abstain from anal intercourse
- B. Have a semen analysis done
- C. Have an ELISA test for antibodies
- D. Inform all sexual contacts
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because an ELISA test for antibodies is crucial to detect HIV infection early. This test can help diagnose HIV before symptoms appear, allowing for early intervention and treatment. Choice A is important but not specific to HIV prevention. Choice B is irrelevant for HIV prevention. Choice D, while important, should not take precedence over getting tested for HIV.
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A newly diagnosed patient asks what asthma is. Which of the ff. explanations by the nurse is correct?
- A. “Your airways are inflamed and spastic.”
- B. “”You have fluid in your lungs that is causing shortness of breath.”
- C. “Your airways are stretched and non-functional.”
- D. “You have a low-grade infection that keeps your bronchial tree irritated.”
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because asthma is characterized by inflammation and bronchoconstriction of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing. This explanation accurately describes the pathophysiology of asthma.
Explanation for other choices:
B: Fluid in the lungs is more indicative of conditions like pneumonia or pulmonary edema, not asthma.
C: Asthma involves airway constriction and inflammation, not stretching and non-functionality.
D: Asthma is not caused by infection but rather triggered by factors like allergens or irritants.
What is the mineral necessary for chemical clotting?
- A. Iron
- B. Potassium
- C. Sodium
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Calcium. Calcium is necessary for the chemical clotting process because it plays a crucial role in the activation of various clotting factors, leading to the formation of a blood clot. Without sufficient calcium, the clotting cascade would not be able to proceed effectively. Iron (choice A) is essential for red blood cell production, not clotting. Potassium (choice B) and Sodium (choice C) are important for various physiological functions but are not directly involved in the clotting process.
A patient with abnormal sodium losses is receiving a house diet. To provide 1,600mg sodium daily, the nurse could supplement the patient’s diet with:
- A. One beef cube and 8oz of tomato juice
- B. One beef cube and 16oz of tomato juice
- C. Four beef cubes and 8oz of tomato juice
- D. One beef cube and 12oz tomato juice
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because 1 beef cube contains about 1,000mg of sodium. To reach 1,600mg, the patient needs an additional 600mg. 12oz of tomato juice contains approximately 600mg of sodium, making it the right choice.
A: Not enough sodium from the beef cube and tomato juice.
B: Too much sodium from the 16oz of tomato juice.
C: Too much sodium from the 4 beef cubes.
A client has an abnormal result on a Papanicolaou test. After admitting that she read her chart while the nurse was out of the room, the client asks what dysplasia means. Which definition should the nurse provide?
- A. Presence of completely undifferentiated tumor cells that don’t resemble cells of the tissues of their origin
- B. Increase in the number of normal cells in a normal arrangement in a tissue or an organ
- C. Replacement of one type of fully differentiated cell by another in tissues where the second type normally isn’t found
- D. Alteration in the size, shape, and organization of differentiated cells
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because dysplasia refers to the alteration in the size, shape, and organization of differentiated cells. Dysplasia is an abnormal growth or development of cells that can be a precursor to cancer. It is characterized by changes in cell size, shape, and organization, which can be seen in Papanicolaou tests.
Choice A is incorrect because it describes an undifferentiated tumor, not dysplasia. Choice B is incorrect as it describes hyperplasia, not dysplasia. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to metaplasia, not dysplasia.
In summary, dysplasia is specifically about the abnormal changes in the appearance and organization of differentiated cells, making choice D the correct definition.
A 57-year old patient had a right lower lobectomy. The nurse should initiate this action when the patient arrives from the Post Anesthesia Care Unit:
- A. immediately administer pain relief
- B. keep patient in semi-fowler’s postion
- C. turn client every hour
- D. notify the family to report pateint’s condition
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: immediately administer pain relief. After a lobectomy, the patient may experience significant pain due to the surgical incision and chest tube insertion. Providing prompt pain relief is crucial to ensure the patient's comfort and prevent complications such as shallow breathing or limited mobility. This action will also aid in the patient's early recovery and promote better outcomes.
Choice B (keep patient in semi-fowler's position) is not the priority upon arrival from the Post Anesthesia Care Unit as pain management takes precedence. Choice C (turn client every hour) is important for preventing complications but is not the immediate action required upon arrival. Choice D (notify the family to report patient's condition) is important but not as urgent as providing pain relief to the patient.