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What should the nurse emphasize when preparing to teach the child and family about the treatment for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease?
- A. Once treatment starts, it will likely continue for about 6 months.
- B. The treatment goal is a pain-free joint with full range of motion.
- C. Activities requiring hip adduction are encouraged for joint placement.
- D. Most of the treatments will be completed while the child is hospitalized.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal of treatment for Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease is to achieve a pain-free joint with full range of motion.
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Which intervention(s) should the nurse include in the child's plan of care immediately following insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt for treatment of hydrocephalus?
- A. Maintain the head of the bed in an elevated position.
- B. Ensure that the child minimizes movement of the extremities.
- C. Provide a pressure dressing over the cephalic insertion site.
- D. Maintain a flat position and reposition the child every 2 hours.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Maintaining a flat position and repositioning every 2 hours helps prevent complications and ensures shunt function post-VP shunt insertion.
The client is in Russell's traction. Which statement best describes how Russell's traction works?
- A. The legs are suspended vertically with the hip flexed at 90 degrees and knees extended.
- B. A straight pull on the affected leg is assured.
- C. A belt is applied just above and surrounding the iliac crests. The belt is then attached to a pulley system.
- D. Vertical traction is used at the knee while, at the same time, a horizontal force is exerted on the tibia and fibula.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Russell's traction uses vertical traction at the knee and horizontal force on the tibia and fibula to align fractures, unlike the other descriptions.
The nurse is caring for the client following a knee arthroscopy. What information should the nurse teach? Select all that apply.
- A. Elevate the involved extremity on pillows for 24 to 48 hours.
- B. Apply an ice pack continually to the involved joint for 24 hours.
- C. Report severe joint pain immediately to the health care provider.
- D. Resume usual activities to minimize joint stiffness and swelling.
- E. Treat pain with a mild analgesic such as acetaminophen.
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: A. Elevation will help to decrease edema. C. Severe joint pain may indicate a possible complication and should be reported immediately. E. Usually a mild analgesic such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) is sufficient for pain control following a diagnostic arthroscopy.
The nurse is teaching a class to pregnant teenagers. Which information is most important when discussing ways to prevent osteoporosis?
- A. Take at least 1,200 mg of calcium supplements a day.
- B. Eat foods low in calcium and high in phosphorus.
- C. Osteoporosis does not occur until around age 50 years.
- D. Remain as active as possible until the baby is born.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Staying active (weight-bearing exercise) during pregnancy builds bone density, preventing future osteoporosis. Calcium supplements are secondary, low-calcium diets are harmful, and age misconception ignores prevention.
The client diagnosed with osteomyelitis of the left foot and ankle is being prepared for a below-the-knee amputation. Which intervention to improve the client’s functional ability is a priority after rehabilitation?
- A. Keep a large tourniquet at the bedside to stop potential bleeding from the amputation site.
- B. Place a pillow in the bed for the client to push the stump against many times per day.
- C. Take and document the client’s vital signs every four (4) hours.
- D. Have the dietary department send high protein, high-carbohydrate meals six (6) times a day.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Pushing the stump against a pillow toughens the residual limb, improving prosthesis use and function post-amputation. Tourniquets are for emergencies, vitals are routine, and frequent meals are excessive.