Nokea
What significant side effect of terazosin should the doctor warn a 69-year-old male patient about?
- A. Bronchospasm
- B. Postural hypotension
- C. Heart failure
- D. Sedation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Postural hypotension. Terazosin is an alpha-1 blocker used to treat hypertension and BPH. Postural hypotension is a common side effect due to vasodilation, causing a sudden drop in blood pressure when changing positions. This side effect can lead to dizziness, fainting, and falls, especially in elderly patients. Bronchospasm (A) is not a common side effect of terazosin. Heart failure (C) is not a typical side effect and is unlikely with proper monitoring. Sedation (D) is not a significant side effect of terazosin.
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What is a cause of primary hypothyroidism in adults?
- A. Malignant or benign thyroid nodules
- B. Surgical removal or failure of the pituitary gland
- C. Surgical removal or radiation of the thyroid gland
- D. Autoimmune-induced atrophy of the thyroid gland
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary hypothyroidism in adults is commonly caused by autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, which leads to thyroid tissue destruction.
Which of the Following Endocrine Glands Contributes to Setting the Body's Biological Clock?
- A. Pituitary gland
- B. Pineal gland
- C. Thymus gland
- D. Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pineal gland. The pineal gland secretes melatonin, a hormone that regulates the body's sleep-wake cycle, thus contributing to setting the body's biological clock. This gland responds to light and darkness, helping to synchronize our internal clock with the day-night cycle. The pituitary gland (A) regulates various hormones but not specifically the biological clock. The thymus gland (C) is responsible for immune function, not the biological clock. The adrenal gland (D) secretes hormones related to stress response, not the biological clock. In summary, the pineal gland is key in regulating the body's biological clock through melatonin secretion, making it the correct choice.
During care of the patient with SIADH, what should the nurse do?
- A. Monitor neurologic status at least every 2 hours.
- B. Teach the patient receiving treatment with diuretics to restrict sodium intake.
- C. Keep the head of the bed elevated to prevent antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release.
- D. Notify the health care provider if the patient's blood pressure decreases more than 20 mm Hg from baseline.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Frequent neurologic monitoring is essential for patients with SIADH due to the risk of cerebral edema from hyponatremia.
Adam has just been diagnosed with diabetes insipidus. The most common presenting sign is:
- A. Body wasting.
- B. Hyperglycemia.
- C. Hypoglycemia.
- D. Increase in urination.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The hallmark symptom of diabetes insipidus is polyuria (excessive urination), which occurs due to the kidney's inability to concentrate urine.
Selective beta2 stimulants frequently cause:
- A. Skeletal muscle tremors
- B. Tolerance
- C. Tachycardia
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Selective beta2 stimulants typically cause skeletal muscle tremors due to their action on beta2 receptors in skeletal muscles. They can also lead to tolerance with prolonged use, requiring higher doses for the same effect. Additionally, they can cause tachycardia by stimulating beta2 receptors in the heart. Therefore, all of the above choices (A, B, and C) are correct.