Nokea
What statement best describes a subdural hematoma?
- A. Bleeding occurs between the dura and the skull.
- B. Bleeding occurs between the dura and the cerebrum.
- C. Bleeding is generally arterial, and brain compression occurs rapidly.
- D. The hematoma commonly occurs in the parietotemporal region.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Subdural hematoma involves bleeding between the dura and cerebrum from ruptured cortical veins. Bleeding between dura and skull is epidural, arterial bleeding with rapid compression is typical of epidural hematomas, and parietotemporal location is more common in epidural cases.
You may also like to solve these questions
What finding is a clinical manifestation of increased intracranial pressure (ICP) in children?
- A. Low-pitched cry
- B. Sunken fontanel
- C. Diplopia, blurred vision
- D. Increased blood pressure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diplopia and blurred vision are signs of increased ICP in children due to pressure on cranial nerves. High-pitched cry and bulging fontanel are typical, not low-pitched or sunken. Increased blood pressure is less common in children compared to adults.
The nurse is preparing a school-age child for computed tomography (CT) scan to assess cerebral function. The nurse should include what statement in preparing the child?
- A. The scan will not hurt.
- B. Pain medication will be given.
- C. You will be able to move once the equipment is in place.
- D. Unfortunately no one can remain in the room with you during the test.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CT scans are painless, requiring immobilization, and this should be emphasized to reduce anxiety. Pain medication isn?t needed, movement is restricted during the scan, and a caregiver can often stay with the child, depending on facility protocols.
A 10-year-old boy on a bicycle has been hit by a car in front of a school. The school nurse immediately assesses airway, breathing, and circulation. What should be the next nursing action?
- A. Place the child on his side.
- B. Take the childs blood pressure.
- C. Stabilize the childs neck and spine.
- D. Check the childs scalp and back for bleeding.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After ensuring airway, breathing, and circulation, stabilizing the neck and spine prevents further trauma in a suspected head or spinal injury. Positioning, blood pressure checks, or bleeding assessments follow to avoid exacerbating potential spinal injuries.
The nurse is closely monitoring a child who is unconscious after a fall and notices that the child suddenly has a fixed and dilated pupil. How should the nurse interpret this?
- A. Eye trauma
- B. Brain death
- C. Severe brainstem damage
- D. Neurosurgical emergency
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A sudden fixed and dilated pupil in an unconscious child signals a neurosurgical emergency, often due to increased intracranial pressure or unilateral brain damage. Eye trauma is less likely, brain death involves bilateral fixed pupils, and pinpoint pupils suggest brainstem damage.
What term is used to describe a childs level of consciousness when the child is arousable with stimulation?
- A. Stupor
- B. Confusion
- C. Obtundation
- D. Disorientation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Obtundation describes a child arousable with stimulation but with reduced alertness. Stupor requires vigorous stimulation, confusion involves impaired decision-making, and disorientation pertains to time and place confusion.