Nokea
What statement best represents infectious mononucleosis?
- A. Herpes simplex type 2 is the principal cause.
- B. A complete blood count shows a characteristic leukopenia.
- C. A short course of ampicillin is used when pharyngitis is present.
- D. Clinical signs and symptoms and blood tests are both needed to establish the diagnosis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diagnosing infectious mononucleosis requires both clinical symptoms (e.g., sore throat, lymphadenopathy) and blood tests (heterophil antibody, monospot), as symptoms mimic other diseases. Epstein-Barr virus, not herpes simplex, causes it; lymphocytosis, not leukopenia, is typical; and penicillin, not ampicillin, is used due to rash risks.
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The nurse is caring for a child with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with sepsis. What nursing action should be included in the care of the child?
- A. Force fluids.
- B. Monitor pulse oximetry.
- C. Institute seizure precautions.
- D. Encourage a high-protein diet.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring pulse oximetry is critical to assess oxygenation in ARDS, guiding respiratory support. Fluids are given parenterally to maintain hydration, seizures are not typical in ARDS, and a high-protein diet is not specifically beneficial compared to balanced nutrition.
An 18-month-old child is seen in the clinic with otitis media (OM). Oral amoxicillin is prescribed. What instructions should be given to the parent?
- A. Administer all of the prescribed medication.
- B. Continue medication until all symptoms subside.
- C. Immediately stop giving medication if hearing loss develops.
- D. Stop giving medication and come to the clinic if fever is still present in 24 hours.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Completing the full course of amoxicillin prevents recurrence of resistant bacteria. Stopping when symptoms subside risks incomplete treatment, hearing loss requires evaluation but not stopping antibiotics, and fever may persist for 24-48 hours despite treatment.
The nurse is caring for a child with carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning associated with smoke inhalation. What intervention is essential in this childs care?
- A. Monitor pulse oximetry.
- B. Monitor arterial blood gases.
- C. Administer oxygen if respiratory distress develops.
- D. Administer oxygen if childs lips become bright, cherry-red in color.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring arterial blood gases is essential for CO poisoning, as pulse oximetry is unreliable due to normal PaO2 levels. High-flow oxygen should be administered immediately, not only if distress or cherry-red lips (a late sign) appear, to displace CO from hemoglobin.
It is important that a child with acute streptococcal pharyngitis be treated with antibiotics to prevent which condition?
- A. Otitis media
- B. Diabetes insipidus (DI)
- C. Nephrotic syndrome
- D. Acute rheumatic fever
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antibiotics for streptococcal pharyngitis prevent serious sequelae like acute rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Otitis media is caused by other pathogens, DI is unrelated to streptococcal infection, and nephrotic syndrome is not a complication, unlike glomerulonephritis.
Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) differs from acute otitis media (AOM) because it is usually characterized by which signs or symptoms?
- A. Severe pain in the ear
- B. Anorexia and vomiting
- C. A feeling of fullness in the ear
- D. Fever as high as 40 C (104 F)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic otitis media with effusion (OME) typically presents with a feeling of fullness in the ear and nonspecific symptoms, unlike acute otitis media (AOM), which involves severe pain, fever, and systemic symptoms like anorexia or vomiting.