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What statement is most descriptive of Meckel diverticulum?
- A. It is acquired during childhood.
- B. Intestinal bleeding may be mild or profuse.
- C. It occurs more frequently in females than in males.
- D. Medical interventions are usually sufficient to treat the problem.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meckel diverticulum often presents with mild to profuse intestinal bleeding due to its congenital nature. It?s present at birth, not acquired, is more common in males, and typically requires surgical removal, not just medical management.
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What information should the nurse include when teaching an adolescent with Crohn disease (CD)?
- A. How to cope with stress and adjust to chronic illness
- B. Preparation for surgical treatment and cure of CD
- C. Nutritional guidance and prevention of constipation
- D. Prevention of spread of illness to others and principles of high-fiber diet
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Teaching stress management and coping with chronic illness helps adolescents manage Crohn disease?s variable course and complications. There?s no cure, constipation isn?t typical, CD isn?t infectious, and a low-fiber diet is recommended.
The mother of a child with cognitive impairment calls the nurse because her son has been gagging and drooling all morning. The nurse suspects foreign body ingestion. What physiologic occurrence is most likely responsible for the presenting signs?
- A. Gastrointestinal perforation may have occurred.
- B. The object may have been aspirated.
- C. The object may be lodged in the esophagus.
- D. The object may be embedded in stomach wall.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Esophageal obstruction from a foreign body causes gagging and drooling due to inability to swallow saliva. GI perforation causes pain and bleeding, aspiration leads to respiratory symptoms, and stomach embedding doesn?t typically cause gagging or drooling.
A 3-year-old child with Hirschsprung disease is hospitalized for surgery. A temporary colostomy will be necessary. How should the nurse prepare this child?
- A. It is unnecessary because of childs age.
- B. It is essential because it will be an adjustment.
- C. Preparation is not needed because the colostomy is temporary.
- D. Preparation is important because the child needs to deal with negative body image.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Preparing a preschooler for a colostomy using simple explanations and visual aids helps them adjust to the procedure. Preparation is necessary despite age, temporary status doesn?t negate the need, and body image concerns are less relevant at this age.
When caring for a child with probable appendicitis, the nurse should be alert to recognize which sign or symptom as a manifestation of perforation?
- A. Anorexia
- B. Bradycardia
- C. Sudden relief from pain
- D. Decreased abdominal distention
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sudden pain relief after perforation indicates peritonitis, a critical complication. Anorexia is a pre-existing appendicitis symptom, tachycardia (not bradycardia) accompanies peritonitis, and abdominal distention typically increases with perforation.
What is a high-fiber food that the nurse should recommend for a child with chronic constipation?
- A. White rice
- B. Popcorn
- C. Fruit juice
- D. Ripe bananas
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Popcorn is a high-fiber food that helps relieve constipation. White rice is low in fiber, fruit juice lacks significant fiber, and ripe bananas have less fiber compared to raw fruits with skins or seeds.