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What STIs can cause one of the TORCH infections in the fetus?
- A. HPV
- B. HSV
- C. HIV
- D. syphilis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Syphilis is one of the STIs that can cause one of the TORCH infections in a fetus. TORCH infections are a group of infections that can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus and include toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, and syphilis. When a pregnant woman with untreated syphilis transmits the infection to her fetus, it can result in congenital syphilis, which can have serious consequences such as stillbirth, prematurity, low birth weight, and developmental delays. Syphilis is thus an important infectious cause of prenatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.
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Which nursing intervention is an independent function of the professional nurse?
- A. Administering oral analgesics
- B. Requesting diagnostic studies
- C. Teaching the patient perineal care
- D. Providing wound care to a surgical incision
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Administering oral analgesics is an independent function of the professional nurse. Independent nursing interventions are those that a nurse is licensed to initiate based on their knowledge and skills without needing an order from a healthcare provider. Nurses are educated and trained in medication administration, including oral analgesics, and can independently assess the need for and safely administer them within their scope of practice. While requesting diagnostic studies, teaching perineal care, and providing wound care are essential nursing interventions, they typically require some form of healthcare provider's order or supervision, making them more interdependent activities.
The nurse is providing preoperative education on the laparoscope-assisted vaginal hysterectomy. Which statement by the patient verifies understanding of the procedure?
- A. I will use a mild douche solution to keep the surgical area clean.
- B. I'm relieved that I won't have any visible scars on my abdomen.
- C. I understand that there will be some light vaginal bleeding for several days.
- D. I understand that I must remain on bedrest until cleared by the surgeon.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement by the patient that demonstrates understanding of the laparoscope-assisted vaginal hysterectomy procedure is "I'm relieved that I won't have any visible scars on my abdomen." This is a relevant and accurate statement as the procedure involves minimal scarring due to the use of small incisions in the abdomen rather than a large incision. It shows understanding of one of the benefits of this surgical approach. The other statements are not accurate or relevant to the procedure.
The nurse is providing preoperative education on the laparoscope-assisted vaginal hysterectomy. Which statement by the patient verifies understanding of the procedure?
- A. I will use a mild douche solution to keep the surgical area clean.
- B. I'm relieved that I won't have any visible scars on my abdomen.
- C. I understand that there will be some light vaginal bleeding for several days.
- D. I understand that I must remain on bedrest until cleared by the surgeon.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement by the patient that demonstrates understanding of the laparoscope-assisted vaginal hysterectomy procedure is "I'm relieved that I won't have any visible scars on my abdomen." This is a relevant and accurate statement as the procedure involves minimal scarring due to the use of small incisions in the abdomen rather than a large incision. It shows understanding of one of the benefits of this surgical approach. The other statements are not accurate or relevant to the procedure.
Regarding advanced roles of nursing, which statement related to clinical practice is the most accurate?
- A. Family nurse practitioners (FNPs) can assist with childbirth care in the hospital setting.
- B. Clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) provide primary care to obstetric patients.
- C. Neonatal nurse practitioners provide emergency care in the postbirth setting to high-risk infants.
- D. A certified nurse midwife (CNM) is not considered to be an advanced practice nurse.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The most accurate statement related to clinical practice among the choices presented is that neonatal nurse practitioners provide emergency care in the postbirth setting to high-risk infants. Neonatal nurse practitioners specialize in the care of newborns, particularly those who are premature or have health complications. They work in settings such as neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and provide specialized care to meet the needs of high-risk infants. Neonatal nurse practitioners collaborate with neonatologists and other healthcare professionals to ensure that these fragile patients receive the necessary care and attention. This role involves advanced clinical skills and knowledge in the care of neonates, making it a crucial part of the healthcare team for newborns in need of specialized care.
What hormonal medication can be used in a premenopausal patient without the concurrent use of ovarian suppression?
- A. letrozole (Femara)
- B. exemestane (Aromasin)
- C. elacestrant (Orserdu)
- D. tamoxifen (Soltamox)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tamoxifen is a hormonal medication that can be used in premenopausal patients without the concurrent use of ovarian suppression. It is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that acts by blocking estrogen receptors in breast tissue, thereby inhibiting the growth of hormone-sensitive breast cancer cells. Tamoxifen is commonly prescribed for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Unlike aromatase inhibitors (e.g., letrozole and exemestane) which require ovarian suppression in premenopausal patients, tamoxifen can be used as monotherapy in premenopausal patients due to its different mechanism of action. Elacestrant is a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) and not commonly used in clinical practice for this indication.