Nokea
What term describes irregular areas of deep blue pigmentation seen predominantly in newborns of African, Asian, Native American, or Hispanic descent?
- A. Acrocyanosis
- B. Erythema toxicum
- C. Mongolian spots
- D. Harlequin color changes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Mongolian spots are irregular areas of deep blue pigmentation commonly seen in newborns of African, Asian, Native American, or Hispanic descent. They are flat, benign, and usually appear on the lower back or buttocks, but can also occur on other parts of the body. Mongolian spots are caused by pigment that is trapped deep in the layers of the skin and tend to fade over time, usually by the age of 5 or 6, although they may persist into adulthood in some cases. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of Mongolian spots to differentiate them from other skin conditions and provide reassurance to parents.
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The most effective pharmacologic agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease is:
- A. Levodopa
- B. Selegilene
- C. Permax
- D. Symmetrel
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Levodopa is considered the most effective pharmacologic agent for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Levodopa is a precursor of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that is deficient in Parkinson's disease. By increasing dopamine levels in the brain, levodopa helps to alleviate the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, such as tremors, stiffness, and slowness of movement. Levodopa is often combined with another medication called carbidopa to enhance its effectiveness and reduce side effects. While other medications like selegiline, pergolide (Permax), and amantadine (Symmetrel) can also be used to manage Parkinson's disease symptoms, levodopa remains the primary and most effective treatment option for many patients.
A client's IV fluid orders for 24 hour's are 1500 ml D5W followed by 1250 ml of NS. The IV tubing has a drop factor of 15 gtt/ml. To administer the required fluids the nurse should set the drip rate at;
- A. 13 gtt/min
- B. 29 gtt/min
- C. 16 gtt/min
- D. 32 gtt/min Situation 5: Protection of self and patient can be done by supporting the body's immunity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Why should the nurse wake up a client who is to undergo an EEG at midnight?
- A. Because excess sleep may make the client lazy and nervous for the EEG
- B. Because optimum sleep helps regulate the breathing patterns during the EEG
- C. Because it helps the client to fall asleep naturally during the EEG
- D. Because it reduces the chances of getting a headache when electrodes are fixed to the scalp of the client
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The nurse should wake up a client who is to undergo an EEG at midnight to ensure that the client receives optimum sleep before the procedure. Optimum sleep helps regulate the client's breathing patterns during the EEG, resulting in more accurate readings. Adequate rest is essential for brain activity monitoring to be as normal as possible. Waking the client at midnight allows for enough time for the client to fall back asleep before the EEG is conducted, ensuring the best possible conditions for the procedure.
Which of the ff conditions is evident by persistent hoarseness?
- A. Bacterial infection
- B. Aphonia
- C. Laryngeal cancer
- D. Peritonsillar abscess
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Persistent hoarseness is often a symptom of laryngeal cancer. Laryngeal cancer affects the voice box, leading to changes in voice quality, such as hoarseness. It is important to seek medical evaluation if hoarseness lasts for more than two weeks, as early detection and treatment of laryngeal cancer can improve outcomes. Bacterial infection, aphonia (loss of voice), and peritonsillar abscess are not typically associated with persistent hoarseness as a primary symptom.
A client who suffered a vehicular accident a few days ago is in skeletal traction. Which nursing action would BESt promote INDEPENDENCE for this patient?
- A. tell the client to call for an analgesic before the pain felt becomes severe
- B. encourage the patient to do leg exercises within the limits of his traction
- C. provide an overhead trapeze for client use on the Balkan frame
- D. provide skin care to prevent skin breakdown
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging the patient to do leg exercises within the limits of his skeletal traction is the best nursing action to promote independence for the client. By engaging in leg exercises, the patient can maintain muscle strength and joint flexibility, which can prevent complications such as muscle atrophy and joint stiffness. This activity empowers the client to actively participate in their own care and promotes a sense of independence and control over their health during a period of immobility. Additionally, it can help improve circulation and prevent complications related to immobility such as deep vein thrombosis.