Nokea
What term is used to describe a childs level of consciousness when the child is arousable with stimulation?
- A. Stupor
- B. Confusion
- C. Obtundation
- D. Disorientation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Obtundation describes a child arousable with stimulation but with reduced alertness. Stupor requires vigorous stimulation, confusion involves impaired decision-making, and disorientation pertains to time and place confusion.
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The nurse is preparing a school-age child for computed tomography (CT) scan to assess cerebral function. The nurse should include what statement in preparing the child?
- A. The scan will not hurt.
- B. Pain medication will be given.
- C. You will be able to move once the equipment is in place.
- D. Unfortunately no one can remain in the room with you during the test.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CT scans are painless, requiring immobilization, and this should be emphasized to reduce anxiety. Pain medication isn?t needed, movement is restricted during the scan, and a caregiver can often stay with the child, depending on facility protocols.
What statement best describes a subdural hematoma?
- A. Bleeding occurs between the dura and the skull.
- B. Bleeding occurs between the dura and the cerebrum.
- C. Bleeding is generally arterial, and brain compression occurs rapidly.
- D. The hematoma commonly occurs in the parietotemporal region.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Subdural hematoma involves bleeding between the dura and cerebrum from ruptured cortical veins. Bleeding between dura and skull is epidural, arterial bleeding with rapid compression is typical of epidural hematomas, and parietotemporal location is more common in epidural cases.
What is a nursing intervention to reduce the risk of increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) in an unconscious child?
- A. Suction the child frequently.
- B. Turn the childs head side to side every hour.
- C. Provide environmental stimulation.
- D. Avoid activities that cause pain or crying.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Avoiding pain or crying prevents ICP increases, as these raise intracranial pressure. Frequent suctioning, head turning, and environmental stimulation can elevate ICP and are contraindicated or require careful management, such as pre-suction hyperventilation.
What are quick, jerky, grossly uncoordinated, irregular movements that may disappear on relaxation called?
- A. Twitching
- B. Spasticity
- C. Choreiform movements
- D. Associated movements
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Choreiform movements are quick, jerky, uncoordinated, and irregular, often subsiding with relaxation. Twitching is brief spasms, spasticity involves prolonged muscle contractions, and associated movements are involuntary motions accompanying voluntary ones.
A 5-year-old girl sustained a concussion when she fell out of a tree. In preparation for discharge, the nurse is discussing home care with her mother. What sign or symptom is considered a manifestation of postconcussion syndrome and does not necessitate medical attention?
- A. Vomiting
- B. Blurred vision
- C. Behavioral changes
- D. Temporary loss of consciousness
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Behavioral changes, such as irritability or sleep disturbances, are expected in postconcussion syndrome and typically don?t require medical attention. Vomiting, blurred vision, or loss of consciousness warrant evaluation for complications like increased ICP.